Financial regulatory framework

Financial regulatory framework Regulatory framework for financial reporting The financial regulatory framework in the UK went through significant reforms in 1990-91 and has remained stable for ten years thereafter. Changes are being proposed to the regulatory framework arising out of three major reasons (a) the move by the European Commission towards developing a single capital market (b) the Enron scandal which has stimulated political interest in the regulation of accounting and (c) changes in UKs domestic laws and regulation (Fearnley and Hines, 2003). There have been several changes in the international arena that have also necessitated changes in the financial regulatory framework. Due to globalization, many UK companies are now acquiring subsidiary companies in other countries, which function under different financial parameters and there may be a need to modify the existing regulatory and financial frameworks (Haller and Walton, 2003). When different financial accounting standards exist in different countries, it may be necessary to harmonize them and this can only be achieved through modification of the financial regulatory networks. In this context, a report published by the Institute of chartered accountants in Scotland offers the view that the current position in the context of globalization is such that there is an â€Å"ever increasing volume of accounting rules†, which is not sustainable in the long run (ICAS, 2006:2). Its only principles based accounting is likely to be beneficial Domestic law and regulation has changed in different ways. First, the London Stock exchange was once self regulatory but it is no longer the Listing authority within the U.K. The UKLA (UK Listing Authority) which is a part of the Financial Services Authority (FSA) is now the responsible authority for this purpose. Second, professional bodies which are a part of the UK Accountancy profession, have set up their own private regulatory framework the Accountancy Foundation to provide independent oversight of their auditing standards, ethical standards and regulatory activities, including disciplinary procedures. New regulations have also been issued in respect of limiting the remuneration paid to directors and the Companies Act has also been modified (Fearnley and Hines, 2003). These changes in the domestic law mean that the framework which existed earlier and was largely self-regulatory may no longer be adequate. Bullen and Crook (2005) have explained why a conceptual framework is needed. Both the FSAB and IASB, share a common goal of ensuring that their standards are â€Å"principles based†, which requires that such standards must not be a mere collection of conventions but must be rooted in fundamental concepts. For instance, when the FASB members first attempted to set up a regulatory framework, they experienced considerable difficulty in attaining agreement on standards, which led them to work towards the development of a conceptual framework. If such standards are to produce a coherent financial reporting system, they must be compiled in such a way that they constitute a framework that is sound and consistent internally. Bullen and Crook (2005) have also pointed out differences in concepts and conventions through assets, wherein the concept of a piece of equipment as an asset is based upon viewing it as a source of economic benefits for the future, while the straight line depreci ation of that asset would be viewed as a convention. According to Bullen and Crook (2005), a consistent regulatory accounting framework is required to converge different aspects of expressing the same concepts. The development of an accurate and well developed regulatory framework is essential to prevent accounting fraud and deception such as the financial scandal that erupted at Enron. Secondly, it also provides advantages for investors, such as the ISAB framework for example, which Ball (2005:9) has spelt out as follows: (a) a more efficient valuation in equity markets (b) reduced costs to process financial information because GAAP adjustments are not required (c) reduced costs for being informed in a timely manner and (d) ability to create standardized financial databases. If these standards are implemented consistently, then it provides better comparability and therefore ensures that there is less risk for investors. Thirdly, it enables certain objectives of financial reporting to be met, such as (a) usefulness in making economic decisions (b) useful in assessing cash flow prospects and (c) providing information about enterprise resources, the claims of these resources and the changes that are required. Using ISAB Standards: The existing ISAB framework is similar to the FSAB framework in terms of its structural components, i.e., setting out the objectives, the qualitative characteristics of the information, elements of financial statements, their measurement and display in the statements as well as elements of disclosure. The qualitative characteristics listed for example, include understandability, relevance, reliability and comparability (Zeff 2007:291). There are two specific challenges arising where worldwide financial reporting is concerned: comparability and convergence. Most companies are using the International Financial reporting Standards in order to prepare their financial statements (Zeff, 2007). The differences in business customs and corporate structures, such as the kieretsu in Japan and chaebol in Korea which are actually networks of holding companies with interlocking relationships, raises the question of whether a standard on consolidated financial statements would ensure comparability. It must be noted that there are some factors interfering with worldwide comparability, such as the business and financial culture, the accounting culture, the auditing culture and the regulatory culture (Zeff, 2007). Different countries have different legal frameworks in place to tackle issues of financial regulation and the functioning of companies. For example, in the United States, the Sarbanes Oxley Act tries to regulate the funct ioning of companies, while in the UK, it is the Turnbull report which has guided corporate governance. Achieving similarity between the different legal national systems and their effective implementation across geographical boundaries is also difficult. While there are similar provisions among the laws of different countries, it must be noted that statutory provisions tend to set out legal parameters which may be adequate to express what financial actions would be considered illegal. The Companies Act of 2006, for example, has recently been amended to allow companies greater latitude and flexibility in their operations, such as decision making, company formation, director duties, etc, as well as spelling out limits on remuneration allowable to them. The components of the legal provisions thereby set out detailed parameters about how the company functions and how it is to carry out its business operations. The Companies Act of 2006 also requires that companies establish risk assessment and accountability measures, such as setting up independent auditor function to monitor and check accounting procedures within the Company. But all these aspects are dealt with in generalities rather than specifics in so far as statutory provisions are concerned. But the ISAB framework is much more comprehensive from the perspective of establishing and defining financial parameters. For instance, the ISAB framework defines assets, liabilities and equity clearly. Other information contained in the frameworks includes the characteristics of financial information, such as the elements of financial statements and their recognition, as well as measurement of assets and liabilities. As Ball (2005) points out, investors require high quality financial statements, which would necessitate (a) an accurate depiction of economic outcomes (b) timeliness and (c) a low capacity for manipulation by managers. None of these elements are likely to be components of the law (Ball, 2005:5). The ISAB framework on the other hand, does place an emphasis on reliability and relevance. The objectives spelt out under ISAB include the development of high quality, understandable and enforceable global accounting standards, promoting the rigorous application of those standards and bringing about a convergence in these standards.(Ball, 2005:6). Moreover, the regulatory frameworks place emphasis on reliability and consistency of accounting frameworks which helps to ensure that there is comparability and relevance across geographical boundaries. In conclusion therefore, a regulatory framework for financial reporting is necessary to ensure that there is consistency across financial standards in various countries. Regulatory frameworks also help to define financial parameters more clearly as compared to statutory provisions, which provide a more generalized set of rules and laws that companies are expected to adhere to. It is only when there is a violation in financial conduct that a legal provision can be applied and contested, in order to establish how it applies in the context of the specific incident or allegation that has been brought before the Courts. A financial regulatory framework such as the ISAB framework however, clearly defines financial parameters and allows for the preparation of accurate financial statements which are likely to be more informative for investors, based upon an accurate depiction of economic outcomes. References: * Bullen, Halsey G and Crook, Kimberley, 2005. â€Å"A new conceptual framework project†, Financial Accounting Standards Board. * Fearnley, Stella and Hines, Tony, 2003. â€Å"The regulatory framework for financial reporting and auditing in the United Kingdom: the present position and impending changes†, The international Journal of Accounting, 38: 215-233 * Haller, Axel and Walton, Peter, 2003. â€Å"Country differences and harmonization†, IN Walton, P, â€Å"International Accounting†, London: Thomson:1-34. * Zeff, Stephen A, 2007. â€Å"Some obstacles to global financial reporting comparability and convergence at a high level of quality†, The British Accounting Review, 39:290-302

What is racism?

What is racism? Is there still racism going on in the United States and even outside the United States? These are two questions that are often asked and discussed across the world in classroom settings. The definition of racism is the belief that members of a certain race are accounted for differences in human characteristics. Also, discrimination or prejudice is based on race. People all over the world still are facing racism until this day especially the people of the African diaspora. Whether you are half black or full black if you are part of that â€Å"One Drop† rule you are going to face some type of racism. Racism is a problem throughout Africa, Brazil, and Canada, and the United States. Many people like Marcus Garvey and Malcolm X has been leaders of powerful organizations that have fought against racism. Africa, of course is the motherland of Africans in the diaspora. You wouldn’t imagine Africa facing racism, but yes they do just as African Americans in the US. There are some white South Africans who treat the black South Africans as if they are in the United States. One example is the movie Skin. In this movie a little girl was born to two white South African parents, but had the complexion of a black South African. When she was enrolled in private white school the teachers, students, and administration looked down on her as if she wasn’t white and born to white parents. Even though her skin tone was of black, she was still white. Although she attended court, the court appealed that she was black and not white, but of course her parents fought until they appealed that she was white. Also, in this movie her father would give black South Africans hard times especially when one wanted to date her daughter. Even though, she was declared white and her birth certificate said the same that didn’t change a thing when she went out into the real world she was still looked upon as black. Brazilians are part of the African Diaspora as well so they also go through a time of racism. In Brazil it’s more on a different level as far as who you would marry or have sex with. Brazilian men would go for the white women to marry, the mulatto women for sex, and the leave black women to work. Why is that? Why can’t the black women give the men the same as the white and mulatto women? Canadian blacks go through the racism stage also. Canadian black women undergo through a laboring problem. Even though these African immigrants have some the best skills and high educational backgrounds they are forced to engage in low-paying jobs. Now, in the United States some of these things happen in the U. S. also, and if not worst. Dating back in history racism has occurred with not only African-Americans, but also with Native Americans and even Latinos and Hispanics. The most common form of racism happened with African-Americans starting with slavery era. Once slavery ended, white Americans still treated blacks like blacks were still inferior. Also, they didn’t treat them equally and the fact that they weren’t slaves anymore. The way black South Africans, African Immigrants in Canada, and Afro-Brazilians were treated is a bit less tense than the way African-Americans were treated. The racism here in the U. S. was a lot tenser. Racism in the U. S. has been going on for eras and still is a problem. Certain areas more in particular the south, are still lynching, killing, and beating blacks just because the color of their skin. Another issue is gang violence. Blacks are fighting black on black just because the color they are wearing. Rodney King is one huge example of racism that has occurred in Black American history where he was nearly beaten to death by four white police officers. Rosa Parks the black woman who refused to sit in the back of the bus along with the other blacks was another example of racism. Many African-Americans came together and made organizations that could possibly contribute to America’s Society. Without these leaders or organizations black America would not be where it is today. Many African-Americans have been major leaders of organizations that have fought against racism. A few of these leaders were Malcolm X, Marcus Garvey, and his wife Amy Garvey. Marcus Garvey led the largest mass organization of black people ever until this day. The name of this is called Universal of Negro Improvement Association also known as UNIA. Malcolm X mother worked for Marcus Garvey. Malcolm X preached self-determination, â€Å"Black Nationalism† which he is saying â€Å"do for yourself. † Malcolm X was the founder of the OAAU, which is the Organization of Afro-American Unity. This organization is a Pan-Africanist organization whose purpose was to fight for human rights of African Americans. Malcolm was basically trying to â€Å"un-brainwash† blacks from the lies the white people have said about blacks and their culture. Amy Garvey which was Marcus Garvey’s wife followed him in his footsteps as he preached Pan-Africanism. She taught Pan-Africanism on a more womanly level to help with the women. Also, she encouraged women to educate themselves and perform as leaders in their community. She also believed that Pan-Africanism would empower women to confront racism, colonialism, and imperialism and to have a masculine dominance as well. Marcus Garvey, Amy Garvey, and Malcolm X have really given a lot of attributions and contributions to the African-American history. These leaders has really help shape the United States against racism and helped express their feelings on why black Americans should be respected the same. As far as racism, it will forever continue go on throughout the United States and also outside the United States. As a young person, I have yet to experience racism other than little white kids joking around. I hope that I won’t have to experience racism because this world is changing and I hope it changes to the better and not worst.

Why Everybody Is Talking About Ielts Argument Essay Samples...The Simple Truth Revealed

Why Everybody Is Talking About Ielts Argument Essay Samples...The Simple Truth Revealed The Ielts Argument Essay Samples Trap Of note here, you don't require fancy video editing computer software. Based on the length of time the video is and what number of segments they intend to use, students will want to drag numerous copies of the video into the timeline. Social networking is too much for them and they don't find the worth in these types of activities. Using Google Slides, students may analyze different segments. Vital Pieces of Ielts Argument Essay Samples This misconception could cause problems like discrimination. Stereotypes also are developing a false idea of the way that they interact with different individuals. They have created a distortion of how every individual should be. Superior stereotypes may also be harmful and cause new issues. Individuals are more inclined to be aggressive after they've faced prejudice in a specific situation. Individuals are inclined to want to choose the immediate, speedy approach to solving problems especially in regards to health and wellness. If you wish to compose a productive argument you must select the point you need to make and the audience that you want to make it to. The arguments given to demonstrate your point ought to be strong and convincing. Then you spill out all of the vital points and details in the most important body. The additional points together with the arguments are tied together and lastly, the conclusion presents an acceptable details. Annually, individuals are becoming sicker. So go and get your children vaccinated. It's quite important to be aware that most parents want the very best for their kids. A more severe issue is that the high price tag of a university education will signify that lots of families are reluctant to have more than 1 child, ex acerbating the falling birthrates in some specific countries. Understanding Ielts Argument Essay Samples This group is simpler to reach via social media instead of cell phones. The Quant section on the GRE is comprised of 4 big sections As a portion of these four sections, there's a lot of content to be covered. Gather as much information as you are able to. Vaccines are among the most well-researched interventions of all moment. A History of Ielts Argument Essay Samples Refuted While the laid out arguments are strong, there are nonetheless some weak spots which ought to be questioned. The question should make it quite clear what it would like you to do. An opinion article isn't an exception. It's possible to always structure your issue so that it's unique to the argument that you're proposing in your essay. Want to Know More About Ielts Argument Essay Samples? For this reason, you've got to be really careful whilst comparing them because they both have the exact same me aning. Irrespective of which outcome is chosen, ninety persons will nevertheless be excluded. It is crucial to teach them these values as they are the future of our society. In the end, it is each individual's responsibility to take matters in their own hands as soon as it comes to health and wellness. The Demise of Ielts Argument Essay Samples There's a demand for education to modify so as to create much better generation expectations. Moreover, millions of new jobs are created in knowledge industries, and such jobs are generally open only to university graduates. Present-day events are frequently the topic of argumentative topics for college students. There are many reasons why university has turned into a popular option for young men and women. Although it's common, student has to find right to become great grades. The majority of the times, students either don't have enough experience of writing on argument essay topics, or they aren't well versed in the discipline. They must analyze the audience as well as they should research the topic thoroughly. Often college students get into lots of stress to get the perfect topic for the essay. Transition sentences have to be included in addition to the suitable words. The two aren't mutually exclusive. Begin with main points and prevent using long sentences. So are any variety of things. Finding Ielts Argument Essay Samples on the Web Creating a superior argument essay starts with a list of argumentative essay topics. Analyzing a present event appears to be a favorite topic chosen for argumentative essays. Argument essay topics are tough to write on, and numerous students wind up feeling frustrated because of absence of time and material. So, the objective of an argume nt essay isn't to ultimately proved that you're right, instead it is to produce a wholesome debate on the specific topic that you're writing on and make it possible for the reader to form her or his own opinion also. The Argument About Ielts Argument Essay Samples Depending on the format, each topic needs to be elaborated in a precise way. Writing argument essay is an art in the sense it requires thorough understanding of the subject, together with skill. Avoid picking a topic simply to impress the reader you know something about it. Towards the close of the article it will become clear he wants readers to think that it's not a great thing.

The Importance Of Censorship In Schools - 1085 Words

Censorship is a threat to our intellectual freedom. However, many support the idea that books should be banned from schools. The First Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees the freedom of speech and press. The freedom of speech includes the freedom to have unrestricted access to information. Yet throughout history, the movement against banning books usually falls into three categories: political, moral, and religious. With these disputes in mind, we will discuss the reasons we need to fight censorship in our schools. Children are growing in a world where they have access to information on various forms of technology that is both good and bad. Denying access to books deprives students and teachers the opportunity to share†¦show more content†¦Judy Blume writes in, â€Å"Places I Never Meant To Be: Original Stories by Censored Writers†, about the effects that censorship will have on students stating, What I worry most is the loss to young people. If no one speaks out for them, if they don’t speak out for themselves, all they’ll get for required reading will be the most bland books available. And instead of finding the information they need at the library, instead of finding novels that illuminate life, they will find only those materials to which nobody could possibly object. (Winkler, 2005) In the 1982 Supreme Court ruling on Board of Education v. Pico, ruled that â€Å"school authorities disapproval of materials or fear of misconduct does not supersede the constitutional rights of students.† (McLaughlin Hendricks, 2017) To say nothing of how this will impact our teachers and the capacity to teach is an understatement. We entrust professionals with authority in education to teach our students reading, writing, speaking, and listening. However, we limit the resources and flexibility to provide the best possible methods to reach all students. Mark Twain’s book, â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn†, is frequently challenged due to the language towards the African American community. However, Jocelyn Chadwick, assistant professor at Harvard University, who’s studied Twain’s work, has concluded that Mark Twain was not a racist, but was simply using the language of the time. Chadwick, as anShow MoreRelatedCensorship and Material Selection Policies Essay863 Words   |  4 Pagesthat they are morally objectionable by the standards applied by a censor. It has been like this for ages. As long as someone has something to tell, another will be there to try and prevent them. Scho ols have been doing this for quite a while now and there is a need to stop it. Censorship of books in schools should not be allowed as many students will never get to experience classic literature if not exposed to it early on. Intellectual Freedom is the right of every individual to both seek and receiveRead MoreThe Banning of Certain Books in School Libraries/ Classrooms848 Words   |  4 PagesSome people look at them as just stories, just fictional books. Those books are all about censorship and having the government controlling and watching your every move. What most people dont realize is that there is censorship happening right now, every time you send a text or make a phone call, the government can see/hear it. There is censorship on books at schools and ratings on movies. There is censorship happening all around you and most of us dont even notice it. Thats because they are minorRead MoreCensorship Cases in America1404 Words   |  6 PagesCensorship is the process of suppressing something that is considered objectionable or offensive† (Truly 1). It is also the obstruction of Freedom of Expression. The process starts when a work is found offensive because its contents are considered vulg ar, contradicting to beliefs and values, or violent. Concerned citizens form groups and create a strong social pressure to force the government or schools to remove the content. The information introduced in schools can contradict the ideas and valuesRead MoreThe Worst Thing About Censorship850 Words   |  4 PagesThe Worst Thing about Censorship is **** It is frequently assumed that when one is in college, that he is rid of limitations: welcome to stay out as late as he desires, able to be in charge of his decisions, and free to express his own opinion without fear. However, censorship from campus to campus confirms that students do not have the right to say what they think. This is an issue that interferes with the actual importance of college. This includes teaching students critical thinking skills, asRead MoreArticle Review : Land Of The Free 1218 Words   |  5 PagesLand of the Free?: Book Censorship in the United States In the eyes of many, America can be summed up in a single word: freedom. However, this freedom Americans often boast of is not as unrestricted as many are led to believe. Book censorship not only impinges on the rights of free speech for young students, but also freedom of the press for authors. Book censorship has been around as long as books themselves have. For example, Socrates, a well-known and respected philosopher and teacher, was forcedRead More Banishment Censorship of Twains Huckleberry Finn Essay774 Words   |  4 PagesBanishment Censorship of Twains Huckleberry Finn Banishment? The novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, has received much criticism through the years. Yet Ernest Hemingway, among other great American writers, considers this work a great American classic. This novel addresses many social issues in the South before the Civil War, causing some critics to find it racist or degrading to the African American culture. For this reason, these critics often attempt to ban HuckleberryRead MoreCensorship And Its Effects On Society Essay1341 Words   |  6 Pageswork in comparison to something I am passionate about. Some people argue that censorship is important to both writers and readers and benefit them both. I believe that censorship can hinder a writer’s progress in literature and may not benefit the reader because not everyone thinks nor reacts the same. Censorship is not helpful to everyone and it can be argued that it is not only unnecessary, but harmful to others. Censorship among readers does more harm than good, in certain cases. It will not stimulateRead MoreThe Affect of Censorship Essay993 Words   |  4 Pagescensored and could potentially influence them to act in unacceptable manners. Censorship is the act of suppressing unacceptable parts of literature and media. It is very often that censorship is used with literature or media because many people see parts of them that are inappropriate in their perspective. When people see them, they are disgusted and wish they didnt see what they had. Many who are opposed to censorship say that the censoring is a violation of the first amendment of the constitutionRead MoreCensorship Critique Essay1074 Words   |  5 PagesJulia Else-Green Eng 103 DE2 October 11, 2008 Critique of â€Å"Censorship: A Personal View† In her essay, â€Å"Censorship: A Personal View† Judy Blume gives readers insight on the impact of censorship based on her personal experiences as a young reader and then later in life as a censored writer. She provides numerous examples of educators who were affected by censorship and chose to take a stand against it (345). Although the piece lacks evidentiary support for these accounts, and draws on sarcasmRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1285 Words   |  6 PagesTV shows and Movies with a focus on cliques, either in high school or in the work force, are popular in our society today. For instance the movie Mean Girls is about a teenage girl moving to a new school and being recruited into a high school clique. In this clique, the members exhibit the behaviors of people experiencing the psychological phenomenon, Groupthink. Groupthink is the practice of thinking or making decisions as a group in a way that discourages creativity or individual responsibility

Cultural Comparisons Between Three Cultures South...

Today’s healthcare is ever more diverse, and the medical providers interact with patients from an even wider range of ethnic and sociocultural backgrounds. Thus, to effectively provide a quality healthcare to a diverse population, it is imperative for the healthcare providers to address all the healthcare challenges that face the American society today. This paper focuses and discusses the cultural comparisons between three cultures: South Indian, Filipino, and Polish- American. The heritage assessment is significant in the field of medicine and an essential tool for healthcare providers and their patients. The heritage assessment tool is used as an aid that fosters a deeper understanding of the families that are studied, thereby assisting†¦show more content†¦This can be due to the lack of contact with their families, parents having lesser connection with their cultural heritage, parents being born in the United States, etc. This shows how important families ties are to understand and connect to one’s ethnicity. Indian culture My cultural background is South Indian (Kerala) Christian. It is interesting to note that, there are various cultures within India, based on the state they belong to. India has undergone rapid urbanization, with some states more than the others. Regardless of the state, most Indians value customs, culture, traditions, and are very religious. Indian culture gives great importance to families and their involvement on one’s health and well-being (Stanford). Most Indians also consider their spiritual or religious group as part of their family. Families tend to be involved in the decision-making regarding health and healthcare, in this culture. Thus, health is maintained by a joint effort of both the individual and their close-knit families. Traditional Indian medicines, such as Ayurveda, homeopathy, Unani, and acupuncture, are not only popular in India, but also worldwide. Most Indians are inclined to attempt herbal or traditional medicine, before relying on modern medicine. Older generation, mostly, prefer traditional medicine, before seeking Western medicine (stanford). This culture considers mental illness a stigma, leading to a delay in getting medical attention. TheShow MoreRelatedInfluence of Immigration on the American Culture and Language14362 Words   |  58 PagesInfluence of Immigration on the American Culture and Language CONTENT Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. The Main Part †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Chapter I In Search of America †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.1. America: Its Image and Reality†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.2. The Reasons of Immigration to the USA†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3. . The Importance of Religious Beliefs: â€Å"One Nation under God † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Chapter II The Nation of Immigrants†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.1. American beliefs and values†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesRichard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. 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Large Schools vs. Small Schools Which perform better Free Essays

Small schools perform better than large schools in more than one aspect. A study finds that small rural communities with a school have significantly higher housing values, more new housing, smaller income variability, fewer households receiving public assistance, lower poverty and child poverty rates, more workers in professional and managerial jobs, and more workers employed within the community. (1) The existence of schools even in small rural areas proves many benefits, but there is a larger question posed, would it be more beneficial to have a small school or a large one? This paper aims to find which category offers more to the quality of students. We will write a custom essay sample on Large Schools vs. Small Schools: Which perform better? or any similar topic only for you Order Now It may be true that large schools may have grander facilities like television and radio stations but there is more than behind the curtain of facilities. An extensive body of research demonstrates numerous positive benefits of small schools and small learning communities, especially for those students who are at greatest risk of educational failure. Indeed, in a synthesis of research on small schools, Raywid (1997/1998, p. 35) concludes, â€Å"there is enough evidence now of such positive effects—and of the devastating effects of large size on substantial numbers of youngsters—that it seems morally questionable not to act on it.† (2) This is more or less the same stand that this paper takes. In a small school there would be more benefits. As you will see throughout the paper, there have been studies that point out the benefits of a small school over that of a large one.   There is almost 40 years of existing research and literature on small schools which indicates that students in small schools have higher attendance and graduation rates (1), fewer drop-outs, equal or better levels of academic achievement (2), higher levels of extra-curricular participation (3) and parent involvement, and fewer incidences of discipline and violence (4). (3) Wasley, et al (2000, pg 4) says small schools increase student attendance across all types of small schools: schools-within-schools (SWS), freestanding small schools, and multi-school small schools. Lakhman (1999), on the other hand found that between 1988 and 1998, DeWitt Clinton high school developed 10 small schools. During that time, they reduced their dropout rate by 8.5% and increased their on-time graduation rate by almost 50%. Thus, proving that small schools have the ability to improve attendance and graduation rate. Moreover, researchers observe that the effects of smallness on achievement are indirect, being mediated through other small-school features as quality of the social environment and students’ sense of attachment to the school. Mitchell (2000) reminds us that in the studies conducted by Howley and others, school size had such a powerful positive effect on the achievement of poor students that it even trumped the beneficial effects of class size (Cotton, 2001). This can also be credited to the fact that in a small school, they can focus more on the need of each student. Sometimes, students does not need a large school with lots of reference books but a school that encourages a lot of help, from peers and teachers. There are several studies whose findings reveal that students at all grade levels learn more in small schools than in large schools. Several researchers have also examined middle-grades schools with interdisciplinary teams and found that students in this type of small learning community outperform similar students in schools without such organizational arrangements (Mertens and Flowers, 2003; Mertens, Flowers, and Mulhall, 2001; George and Lounsbury, 2000; Lee and Smith, 2000; Felner et al., 1997; Lee and Smith, 1993). (2) In addition from improved attendance, higher graduation rates and improved academic achievement in small schools, another factor that is considered is the students’ level of participation.   Take for example Mitchell’s (2000) observation where in a school of 2,000 students, only the most talented will be recruited for the basketball team or the drama club. The result is that a small number of gifted students dominate the sports and activity rosters, while the vast majority are relegated to spectator status. In small schools, sports teams, musical groups and clubs depend on broader participation. The number of extracurricular opportunities does increase with school size. But a twentyfold increase in population produces only a fivefold increase in opportunities. That is, as the school expands, an increasingly smaller percentage of students are needed to fill the available slots. In short, more students produce less participation. Most students will not be required to participate because there will be others who would. In a small school every student will have the opportunity to hone and improve their talents and interests. Researchers point out that, in small schools, everyone is needed to populate teams, offices, and clubs; thus, even shy and less able students are encouraged to participate and made to feel they belong. In addition to the factors mentioned, another advantage of a small school over a large one involves more personalized approach where levels of parent involvement and parent satisfaction are greater in small school environments than in large ones. Communication between parents and teachers tends to be more substantive given the fact that the teachers often know the students better in the smaller learning environment (Cotton, 2001). This is a positive reinforcement of discipline for the students.   In a smaller learning environment, the students’ activities can be monitored and can be reported to parents, whether a violation or a perceived improvement. Among the advantages mentioned, the fewer incidence of violence is perhaps the most important. â€Å"There is less violence in small schools, less vandalism, a heightened sense of belonging, and better attendance,† the KnowledgeWorks report states. (4)   Another research also showed that â€Å"In urban schools with less than 300 students, 3.9% of the schools reported serious violent incidents compared with 32.9% of schools over 1,000 students (Gregory, 2000).† Small schools are better positioned to detect and help hurting students, and to address disruptive behavior before it escalates into tragic violence and abuse. When teachers know virtually all students in a school community by name, it fosters a culture of belonging, accountability, and support. The Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (2000) studies show that small learning environments are characterized by fewer incidents of violence and disruptive behavior, less school graffiti, lower crime levels, and less serious student misconduct. The association attribute this to what they term as â€Å"human-scale schooling† which reduces isolation and increasing the sense of belongingness. Indeed, a closer community will bring more familiarity and less hostility. Hence, with all the aspects considered in the paper, it can be deduced that in a school of smaller quantity, we can focus more on the students’ quality. From this standpoint, the performance of a small school is better. Even policy makers have noted these benefits leading to   the development of some new rules. These includes: Florida Small School Law which recognizes the benefits of small schools and prohibits, as of July 2003, the construction of large schools. As of that date, new elementary schools will be limited to 500 students, middle schools to 700, and high schools to 900. Another is the Vermont Funding for Small Schools which in 1997, Vermont adopted a new system of funding education under Vermont Act 60 – The Equal Educational Opportunity Act (EEOA). Unlike most states, Vermont choose to provide additional funding to cover the higher costs of the state’s smallest school districts. An extra $1 million per year was allocated to districts with fewer than 100 students. (5) This paper believes as far as, the future can depend on small school more than large ones, and to borrow Daniel Kinnaman’s title, the future will be filled up by small schools (with) big benefits. How to cite Large Schools vs. Small Schools: Which perform better?, Essay examples

Case Study Of Sapphire Energy and AusCotton †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Case Study Of Sapphire Energy and AusCotton. Answer: Introduction The report has investigated two important facets of business portfolio under Laburnum Group. The main discussion of the study has considered both quantitative and qualitative perspectives of the inefficiencies and challenges of Sapphire Energy and AusCotton as per the given case. Laburnum Group is depicted to continuously monitor the activities of the diverse portfolio of businesses which is essential to their corporate strategy decisions. The important elements of discourse have addressed the specific questions frame by the top management in both energy and clothing business portfolios of Laburnum Group. The first part of the study has evaluated the efficacy of the present ordering system and applied the model of Economic Ordering Quantity (EOQ) for recommending the changes which are required optimising the inventory for Sapphire Energy. The next part of the report has evaluated the global business environment of AusCotton with the market and supply sources. The important elements o f the descriptions have also included the issues associated to areas of strategic sourcing. The study will also discuss about the actions for illegal merchandise which results in competing with the fake branding (Pimenta Ball, 2015). Sapphire Energy Case Study: Effectiveness of the present ordering system The main assessments as per the Sapphire Energy case study has highlighted on total ordering system of 4500 meters of cable. The total stocking cost for the given standard is depicted as $ 9318.75. The implementation of the EOQ model is seen to be conducive in ordering only 3388.43 meters of cable. Henceforth, as the ordering quantity is seen to be less than 4500 meters the strategy of implementing EOQ is not recommended. EOQ for AWG aluminum triplex cable Unit Meters Dollars Annual Demand (D) 155000 Present Order Quantity (Q) 12917 Annual cost for carrying one unit (C') $ 1.350 Annual cost per order (S') $ 50.00 Total Annual Stocking Cost (TSC 1) (Q/2) x C'+(D/Q) x S' Total Annual Stocking Cost (TSC 1) $ 9,318.75 Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) SQRT(2xDxS')/C Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) 3388.43 Total Annual Stocking Cost in case of implementing EOQ Total Annual Stocking Cost (TSC 2) (EOQ/2) x C'+ (D/EOQ) x S' Total Annual Stocking Cost (TSC 2) $ 4,574.39 Estimated annual savings in stocking costs Savings TSC 1 - TSC 2 Estimated savings in stocking costs $ 4,744.36 Recommendations on improving the current system As per the depictions made in the present study the ordering system has been discerned with a total savings of $ 4574.39 and implementation of the strategy for savings in stock will allow the company to save $ 4744.36. However, the scope of the ordering more units is evident with the given case. The main recommendation for Sapphire energy needs to increase the quantity to 4500 meters of cable. AusCotton Case Study: Major global issues relevant to the strategic sourcing The problem associated to changing market environment is understood as the main issue to address the consumer behaviour. This trend is depicted with the changes in the globalization and technological facets. The role of social media is considered with pressure from the consumer which will be able to conform the utilization of these sources of information to respond to changing preferences to stay interesting and relevant. The main challenge at a global scale have been realized with a shorter life cycle for rapidly changing demand in the market. The different types of the enterprises for the cotton production are facing several issues associated to cotton production and keep itself up to date with the latest trends and innovations. The integration and data management are considered to solve the main problems related to data management. This will be done by connecting the manufacturers supply chain management systems with those of their suppliers and partners. The problems related to t he supply chain integration may be affecting the operations at ground level (Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals, 2015). The important aspects related to the technology is able to discuss about the new issues which is seen to be related to the non-awareness for the product demand. There have been several issues which are seen to be considered for the inappropriate demand forecast. In several situations the issues are related to the inaccurate demand forecasting is seen due to unavailability of the data. In several cases the consideration of raw information coming from suppliers, partners, and even customers includes the unstructured data which makes it more challenging for the enterprises to generate and analyse the insights from unrelated information (Pimenta Ball, 2015). The companies may be further facing several problems related to the managing of the commodity and the category of the materials which depend on the spending characteristics of a supply. There may be dilemma in choosing the appropriate outsourcing strategy. This is understood to be critical for the answering whether the important decision needs to be based on the buying the product from third party or make on its own. The factors for achieving the optimal portfolio is able to reflect the different requirements for the suppliers as per the individual category of commodities (Lummus et al., 2014). Impacts of less-than-perfect demand forecasts for AusCotton products The main form of the opportunities for the exact requirement for the conjectures are depicted to be fundamental for the assembling of the various components of value chain. This is necessary to meet the demands of the customer without defaulting with incorrect requests. It has been further considered to be important to ensure that there is a timely forecast for the factors which are critical to allocation of resources (Chopra Sodhi, 2014). The different initiatives taken to resolve the issues has been discerned with creating an alliance with the customers and suppliers to improve the accuracy of the forecast. The spontaneous response to the changes in demand is aimed at reducing the error in cost of forecasting. The resolution of the problems needs to be done by entering into a partnership with the suppliers on the clients for measuring the susceptibility to the changes in demand. Therefore, the accuracy in forecasting is depicted as a critical factor for proper allocation of resour ces. The different types of initiatives taken to eliminate the problems among the customers and suppliers is also seen with creating an alliance in the customer than the suppliers for better forecasting. The focus of the company to respond to the changes in customer request should be followed with such a strategy which will be able to minimize the impact of cost (Martnez-Jurado Moyano-Fuentes, 2014). Elements of the strategic sourcing process do you feel are the top candidates for improvement at AusCotton The diverse factors associated with strategic sourcing for the top candidates at AusCotton is recognized with developing a benchmarking, tracing results and conducting a supply market analysis. The application of supply market analysis is often useful for reanalysing the various types of global perspectives to know more about the cost constituents of a service or product. AusCotton has the scope of reviewing supply marketplace for knowing about the associated risks and opportunities. The strategy development as per the top management will be able to discuss on the issues of minimizing the risks and costs. Additionally, the top management will be able to discuss on main strategies of supply competitiveness by conducting a meeting (Wiengarten et al., 2015). The various types of initiatives such as benchmarking and tracking of results are seen to be having a significant role in process sourcing and identification of the need for re-monitoring. It is important for the business specialist s to know about the present status of a category or commodity. In addition to this, AusCotton should look forward to improve the supply-chain assessment. It is necessary to understand the possible suppliers who may be most influential in the sourcing strategy. This needs to be followed with supply research and identifying the opportunities to remain on contract or to be considered for the contract. The main attention should be given on strategy elements and monitoring the key issues for the business specialists of a category (Chin, Tat, Sulaiman, 2015). Responding to the assertion that some of the contract manufacturers are involved in producing illegal merchandise The main response of assertions of contract manufacturers is observed with producing illegal merchandise which goes through several stages. The first stage is depicted with and getting into a new contract negotiation. The intellectual property protection maybe also beneficial in meeting the demands of manufacturers. It is important for AusCotton to know about the results of an investigation process. The company needs to identify the true facets depicted from the investigation. The procedure of investigation is seen to be conducive for tracking any legal proceedings which needs to be taken after knowing about any anomaly (Fahimnia, Sarkis, Davarzani, 2015). The issues associated to illegal merchandise, needs to be done by contract manufacturers by hiring of a new supervisor for supply-chain activities. This needs to be further estimated with process of sourcing focused on minimizing the errors. Moreover, the new owner of the company may be asked to visit the global facilities. This will be able to create awareness of a situation and follow with the legal proceedings. It is important to set as a good example for suppliers and vendors. In addition to this, the manufacturers need to assess the documentation process and approve the actual order placed by the company. This needs to be followed with a manual procedure rather than depending on automation (Gold, Trautrims, Trodd, 2015). Conclusion The interpretations made from the study has been able to reveal that the effectiveness of present ordering system at Sapphire Energy is not a feasible decision. This is evident with EOQ model being conducive in ordering only 3388.43 meters of cable. Henceforth, as the ordering quantity is seen to be less than 4500 meters the strategy of implementing EOQ is not recommended. The main strategy for improving the present ordering system is recommended with total savings of $ 4574.39 and implementation of the strategy for savings in stock will allow the company to save $ 4744.36. The main recommendation to Sapphire Energy is for the depicted with increasing the scope for more number of orders. The interpretations for assessment of the challenges in global supply-chain for AusCotton is identified with changes in the globalization and technological aspects. The main challenge at a global scale have been seen with a shorter life cycle for rapidly changing demand in the market. The various typ es of impact of less-than-perfect demand forecasts for AusCotton products is further identified with to resolving the issues by creating an alliance with the customers and suppliers to improve the accuracy of the forecast. The response to illegal merchandise and branding needs to be taken care off with appropriate legal proceedings. References Chin, T. A., Tat, H. H., Sulaiman, Z. (2015). Green supply chain management, environmental collaboration and sustainability performance. In Procedia CIRP (Vol. 26, pp. 695699). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2014.07.035 Chopra, S., Sodhi, M. S. (2014). Reducing the Risk of Supply Chain Disruptions. MIT Sloan Management Review, 55(3), 7380. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004 Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals. (2015). CSCMP Supply Chain Management definitions. Retrieved from https://cscmp.org/imis0/CSCMP/Educate/SCM_Definitions_and_Glossary_of_Terms/CSCMP/Educate/SCM_Definitions_and_Glossary_of_Terms.aspx?hkey=60879588-f65f-4ab5-8c4b-6878815ef921 Fahimnia, B., Sarkis, J., Davarzani, H. (2015). Green supply chain management: A review and bibliometric analysis. International Journal of Production Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.01.003 Gold, S., Trautrims, A., Trodd, Z. (2015). Modern slavery challenges to supply chain management. Supply Chain Management-an International Journal, 20(5), 485494. https://doi.org/10.1108/scm-02-2015-0046 Lummus, R. R., Vokurka, R. J., Texas, A., Station, C. (2014). Defining supply chain management?: a historical perspective and practical guidelines. Industrial Management Data Systems, 99(1), 1117. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02635579910243851 Martnez-Jurado, P. J., Moyano-Fuentes, J. (2014). Lean management, supply chain management and sustainability: A literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 85, 134150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.09.042 Pimenta, H. C. D., Ball, P. D. (2015). Analysis of environmental sustainability practices across upstream supply chain management. In Procedia CIRP (Vol. 26, pp. 677682). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2014.07.036 Wiengarten, F., Humphreys, P., Gimenez, C., Mcivor, R. (2015). Risk, risk management practices, and the success of supply chain integration. Intern. Journal of Production Economics, 171, 361370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.03.020