Understanding Celibacy, Abstinence, and Chastity

Understanding Celibacy, Abstinence, and Chastity The word â€Å"celibacy† is typically used to refer to a voluntary decision to remain unmarried or to abstain from engaging in any sexual activity, usually for religious reasons. While the term celibacy is typically used in reference only to persons who choose to remain unmarried as a condition of sacred religious vows or convictions, it can also apply to the voluntary abstinence from all sexual activity for any reason. While they are often used interchangeably, celibacy, abstinence, and chastity are not exactly the same. Celibacy is generally  recognized as a voluntary choice to remain unmarried or engage in any form of sexual activity, usually in order to fulfill a religious vow. In this sense, one can accurately be said to be practicing sexual abstinence as a condition of his or her vow of celibacy. Abstinence - also called continence - refers to the often temporary strict avoidance of all forms of sexual activity for any reason. Chastity is a voluntary lifestyle that involves far more than abstaining from sexual activity. Coming from the Latin word castitas, meaning â€Å"purity,† chastity embraces abstinence from sexual activity as a praiseworthy and virtuous quality according to the standards of morality held by a person’s particular culture, civilization, or religion. In modern times, chastity has become associated with sexual abstinence, particularly before or outside of marriage or other type of exclusively committed relationship. Celibacy and Sexual Orientation The concept of celibacy as a decision to remain unmarried applies to both traditional and same-sex marriage. Similarly, the lifestyle restrictions implied by the terms abstinence and chastity refer to both heterosexual and gay sexual activity. In the context of celibacy related to religion, some gay people choose to be celibate in keeping with their religion’s teachings or doctrine on gay relationships. In an amendment adopted in 2014, the American Association of Christian Counselors banned the promotion of the largely discredited process of conversion therapy for gay persons, encouraging the practice of celibacy instead. Celibacy in Religion In the context of religion, celibacy is practiced in different ways. Most familiar of these is the mandatory celibacy of male and female members of the active clergy and monastic devotees. While most female religious celibates today are Catholic nuns living in residential cloisters, there have been notable solitary celibate female figures, such the anchoress - a female hermit - Dame Julian of Norwich, born in 1342. In addition, religious celibacy is sometimes practiced by laypersons or clergy members in a faith not requiring it out of devotion or to allow them to perform certain religious services. Brief History of Religiously-Motivated Celibacy Derived from the Latin word caelibatus, meaning â€Å"state of being unmarried,† the concept of celibacy has been acknowledged by most major religions throughout history. However, not all religions have acknowledged it favorably. Ancient Judaism strongly rejected celibacy. Similarly, early Roman polytheistic religions, practiced between about 295 B.C.E. and 608 C.E., held it to be an aberrant behavior and imposed severe fines against it. The emergence of Protestantism around 1517 CE saw a rise in the acceptance of celibacy, although the Eastern Orthodox Catholic Church never adopted it. The attitudes of the Islamic religions regarding celibacy have also been mixed. While the Prophet Muhammad denounced celibacy and recommended marriage as a commendable deed, some Islamic sects embrace it today. In Buddhism, most ordained monks and nuns choose to live in celibacy believing it to be one of the prerequisites to reaching enlightenment. While most people associate religious celibacy with Catholicism, the Catholic Church actually imposed no requirement of celibacy on its clergy for the first 1,000 years of its history. Marriage remained a matter of choice for Catholic bishops, priests, and deacons until the Second Lateran Council of 1139 mandated celibacy for all members of the clergy. As a result of the Council’s decree, married priests were required to give up either their marriage or their priesthood. Faced with this choice, many priests left the church. While celibacy remains a requirement for Catholic clergy today, an estimated 20% of Catholic priests worldwide are believed to be legally married. Most married priests are found in the Catholic Churches of Eastern nations like the Ukraine, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic. While these churches recognize the authority of the Pope and the Vatican, their rituals and traditions more closely follow those of the Eastern Orthodox Church, which had never embraced celibacy. Reasons for Religious Celibacy How do religions justify mandatory celibacy? No matter what they are called in a given religion, the â€Å"priest† is exclusively trusted to perform the sacred function of communicating the needs of the people to God or other heavenly power. The efficacy of the priesthood is based on the congregation’s trust that the priest is properly qualified and possesses the ritual purity necessary to speak to God on their behalf. Religions that require it of their clergy consider celibacy to be a prerequisite for such ritual purity. In this context, religious celibacy is likely to have been derived from ancient taboos that viewed sexual power as vying with religious power, and the sex act itself as having a polluting effect on priestly purity.   Reasons for Non-Religious Celibacy For many people who do so, choosing a celibate lifestyle has little or nothing to do with an organized religion. Some may feel that eliminating the demands of sexual relationships allows them to better focus on other important aspects of their lives, like career advancement or education. Others may have found their past sexual relationships to have been particularly unfulfilling, damaging, or even painful. Still others choose to abstain from sex out of their unique personal beliefs of what is â€Å"proper behavior.† For example, some people may choose to adhere to the morality-based tradition of abstaining from sex outside of marriage. Beyond personal beliefs, other celibates consider abstinence from sex to be the only absolute method of avoiding sexually-transmitted diseases or unplanned pregnancies. Outside of religious vows and obligations, celibacy or abstinence is a matter of personal choice. While some may consider a celibate lifestyle extreme, others may consider it liberating or empowering. Key Terms Celibacy is a voluntary choice to remain unmarried or engage in any form of sexual activity, usually in order to fulfill a religious vow. A person who practices celibacy is said to be â€Å"celibate.†Ã‚  Abstinence  is also called â€Å"continence† and is the often temporary strict avoidance of all forms of sexual activity for any reason.Chastity  -   from the Latin word castitas, meaning â€Å"purity† - embraces abstinence as a praiseworthy virtue according to the prevailing social standards of morality.

Women and the MBA

Women and the MBA Men vs. Women in Business School Whether you are a man or a woman, business school can help you achieve your career goals. An MBA can open doors that you never knew existed.  Currently, almost half of the people who take the GMAT are of the female persuasion. Unfortunately, women only account for 30% of enrollment in MBA programs. Though this is a significant increase over the last 25 to 30 years, it still proves that there is an imbalance within the world of MBAs. This imbalance has led to new and more enthusiastic recruiting methods. Graduate business schools are constantly seeking more qualified female applicants and have become more aggressive in their attempts. They have even begun to adapt their programs and clubs to make them more appealing to business women. Why Women Should Enroll in MBA Programs When you earn an MBA degree, it opens up doors all over the business world. An MBA is extremely versatile and will be valuable to you no matter what industry you decide to enter. MBAs work in both large and small corporations, non profit organizations, health care fields, government establishments, and many other types of business settings. Many MBA graduates have also utilized their degree to start their own business. An MBA will give you a general management education and increase your chances of moving into senior-level positions. An MBA degree can also help the pocketbook. MBA graduates are often the highest paid employees within the US. Why More Women Dont Enroll in MBA Programs When surveyed, most female MBA graduates have positive things to say about their business school experience. So, why don’t more women enroll? Here are the most common complaints and misconceptions: Many women mistakenly perceive business school as a place where they will not be welcome by the male-dominated population.There are not enough women role models and business leaders.There are not enough female professors. The faculty is often male-dominated.MBA programs are inflexible and/or not compatible with personal goals. Choosing a Business School Before choosing a business school, make sure that you consider both the learning environment and the campus culture. You will find that some business schools are more supportive of female students than others. To learn more about the school, try talking to the admissions office, current students, and alumni. Some schools are so eager to acquire more women candidates that they offer special scholarships and financial aid programs to female candidates. Make sure that you evaluate all of the options before making a decision. Scholarship Resources for Women Many schools have scholarship opportunities that they make available to women applicants. Women can also pursue scholarships that are offered by these professional womens organizations: C200American Business Women’s Association (ABWA)Business Professional Women (BPW Foundation) ​Online Resources for Women There are many different resources available to women who are interested in pursuing an MBA. Here is just an example: National Association for Female Executives (NAFE)CatalystForte FoundationWomen for Hire

Critical Thinking Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical Thinking Questions - Essay Example This paper will discuss the composition of a successful lesson plan, the importance of considering students’ backgrounds and strategies of differentiated instruction. A lesson framework acts as the instructor’s guide to what students should learn and how it will be implemented effectively within the allocated class time (O'Bannon, 2008). Before planning a lesson, an instructor should identify the learning objectives and design appropriate learning activities and strategies to get feedback on student learning. A successful lesson plan is made up of objectives for student learning, teaching and learning activities and ways of checking student understanding (O'Bannon, 2008). A well created plan includes; A) The goals the lesson is reaching towards B) The measurable outcomes in acquired skills at the end of the lesson C) Ratio of the expected number of students to the teacher D) Previous knowledge of the learners E) Required time for each teaching and learning session F) Co nsideration of cultural differences, specific needs and learning styles of individuals G) Methods of evaluating the lesson Lesson plans may be varied by certain aspects in different content areas. They may include the content, introduction, goals, objectives, materials, and development (Wong, 1998). The introduction describes the area of focus and ways of getting and retaining the students’ attention while motivating them to participate in the learning process. Getting the students to attend and respond to different introductions sets the stage for the upcoming lessons. Under contents, the teacher lists the key concepts, facts and skills the lesson intends to cover (Wong, 1998). A teacher may also prepare an outline with key learning outcomes. The goals identify the aims or desired results that students should achieve at the end of the planned lesson. They are the end products and broad in nature and relate to the knowledge and skills identified in the contents. Objectives id entify what the students are expected to achieve in the tasks they will be engaged in within the learning process. They are behavioral and performance specific in nature (Wong, 1998). They outline what will be under observance in student performance and the criteria by which they can be measured. The list of materials outlines the resources that will be used throughout the lesson for a successful ending. It may also include technological resources that vary according to the desired results (Wong, 1998). Different development strategies describe how a teacher plans, models and explains what students should do. Modeling the learning behaviors expected of students demonstrates whether they can imitate and practice on their own. Different areas of learning will have different development plans (Wong, 1998). Students in the same class have varying learning abilities. Among them, there are differences in learning style, background knowledge, language proficiency and readiness to learn. Ho wever, regardless of their individual differences, they are expected to understand the same principles, concepts and skills. This requires innovative thinking from the teachers (Wong, 1998). They should provide several learning options that help students understand information and make sense out of concepts and skills conveyed to them. Furthermore, they should present appropriate levels of challenge to all categories of students, including those with quick understanding

Current Legal Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Current Legal Issues - Essay Example (www.gypsyadvice.com ) The society and government in today’s world have racially discriminated the Gypsy and the Traveler community because of which, these communities even today remain ostracized from the main stream public and society. Though there are several laws like the Race Equality Law and Race Relations Acts that have been passed by the government for providing justice to these communities, still it has been seen that in the majority of cases relating to equality, justice has not been provided to them because of which most of these communities remain in the dark. (www.jennettearnold.com) Issue of proper Accommodation: Indeed it has been centuries since such inequality has been meted to them, as well as to the people working in close contact with them. The Gypsy and Traveler communities have their own lifestyles as well have their own culture. Among them the Romani as well as the Irish Travelers are considered to be quite distinct due to the traditions that they follow . The rest of them are classified and identified based on how they move about within the country, which could be circus type of families or as travelers. (www.scribd.com ) Most of these Gypsies and Travelers maintain a nomadic kind of life, while the rest of them live in brick houses. Thus the lack of suitable and good housing sites is the biggest problem that is experienced by the Gypsy and Traveler communities today. Due to the inequality meted out to them by the rest of the society, this community presently are socially deprived and discriminated widely. The following is a brief study of inequality, which is being meted out to the Gypsy and Traveler community, in terms of the aspects regarding their accommodation. (www.scribd.com ) Lack of proper and permanent houses has been cited by most experts, as the primary reason for most of the problems, which these communities are facing across the world as well as in Great Britain. Most of the experts believe that non availability of su itable housing sites; have turned as a serious problem for allocation of housing sites to these communities by the government. As a result lack of proper housing facilities has been considered as one of the biggest and worst type of inequality, which has been shown to this community by the respective governments. The lack of good accommodation always causes a sense of insecurity among the Gypsy and Traveler Community alike and this has been stated as the root cause for all other problems, that the community experiences. (www.historyextra.com ) The main flaw that has been caused in this case has been directed towards the government, whose planning policy itself seems to falter, since they have moved away from the public sites to the system wherein, such communities themselves provide sites for construction of houses. It has been seen that whenever the Gypsies or the Traveler communities try to develop their own sites through private purchase, the local residents tend to oppose such a move. Because of this quarrel and disputes often occur between local residents as well as the members of these communities. This is a common scenario that has been noticed, whenever the members of the Gypsy and Traveler community try to submit applications regarding the plans for construction of house on lands, which they have privately purchased. Often such disputes and

Entrepreneurship the purist most challenging application of the art and science of business. Essay Example for Free

Entrepreneurship the purist most challenging application of the art and science of business. Essay Corporate America repeatedly cites the ‘lack of entrepreneurial skills’ as the single biggest deficiency in MBAs – something that we fix in this course. Entrepreneurial skills and knowledge are mandatory for creating your own venture (for-profit or non-profit) , creating a new business unit within an existing enterprise, creating a new product or service offering and  launching it, or for just being a much more inventive and creative desk jockey in a lumbering, bureaucratic human cesspit of non-productive activity. The conception and start-up stage of a new organization is a critical stage of the company’s life-cycle. It is the time for the venture to pull itself together and get up and running in time for ‘opening day’. It is an extremely busy time in the venture’s life, requiring a thorough understanding, application, and execution of your MBA concepts skills. In this capstone course we examine the idea of entrepreneurship, its symbiotic existence with Corporate America, the origin of new (company) concepts, setting up the new legal entity, raising funding from outside investors or donors, developing and writing a comprehensive business plan, and pitching your concept to a panel of seasoned investors or potential donors. Some key topics include: (1) demographics for small businesses, (2) conceiving and understanding a sound ‘business model’, (3) financial forecasting and modeling for new start-ups, (4) cash flow management in start-ups, (5) term sheets, (6) the venture capital business, (7) multiple funding rounds, (8) start-up company valuations, (9) liquidation preferences, (10) leveraging strategic alliances, (11) the role of the Board of Directors, (12) restricted stock, stock options, and 83(b) elections, and (13) creating and leveragor) presentation that will be delivered to a panel of professional investor/donors at the conclusion of the course. CAP5802 will be delivered as a combination of lecture and discussion. The instructor demands active participation from the class members. COURSE OUTLINE Important note: The detailed descriptions of all assignments along with all exercises are found on the (new) Moodle course site. Session 1: Monday, 26 August 2013 Introduction and Orientation How the course will be conducted Classification of businesses Small business demographics What is entrepreneurship and why should you be highly interested in this subject? Major assignments and due dates †¢ Concept Description Abstract – Due on 23 September 2013 †¢ Business Plan Outline – Due on 7 October 2013 †¢ Interview with Entrepreneur Write-Up – Due on 14 October 2013 †¢ Prospectus – Due on WEDNESDAY by NOON, 4 December 2013 †¢ Final Business Plan – Due on MONDAY, 9 December (in class) 2013 †¢ Live PowerPoint Presentation – 9 December 2013 [No class on Monday, 2 September – Labor Day] Session 2: Monday, 9 September 2013 The Entrepreneurial Mind and Process Entrepreneurial Resilience during Challenging Times How Entrepreneurs Craft Strategies That Work Apple’s Core Case Study Iggy’s Bread of the World Case Study Session 3: Monday, 16 September 2013 Recognizing and Screening the Opportunity Background Note: Note on Business Analysis for the Entrepreneur ZOOTS: The Cleaner Cleaner Case Study Session 4: Monday, 23 September 2013 The Business Plan HBR Article: How to Write a Great Business Plan Business Plan for Room for Dessert Case Study Your Concept Description – Abstract Due Session 5: Monday, 30 September 2013 The Founder and the Team – HR Matters NanoGene Technologies, Inc. Case Study Session 6: Monday, 7 October 2013 Legal Matters the Start-Up Ecosystem Background Note: Legal Matters and Entrepreneurship †¢ Corporate law firms †¢ Intellectual property (IP) law firms The Start-Up Ecosystem †¢ Certified public accountants (CPAs) †¢ The Board of Directors †¢ The Advisory Board †¢ Key business partners Smartix(A): Dancing with Elephants Case Study Smartix(B): The Last Dance Smartix(C): Rethinking the Negotiations Smartix(D): Reflections from the Other Side of the Table Business Plan Outline Due Tonight Session 7: Monday, 14 October 2013 Financing the Venture PunchTab Inc. Case Study Interview with Entrepreneur – Write-Ups Due Fall Break is 15 – 18 October 2013. Session 8: Monday, 21 October 2013 Capitalization of the Start-Up, Part 1 Session 9: Monday, 28 October 2013 Capitalization of the Start-Up, Part 2 Session 10: Monday, 4 November 2013 Capitalization of the Start-Up, Part 3 Session 11: Monday, 11 November 2013 Growing the Business What Entrepreneurs Get Wrong Facebook Case Study Gordon Biersch Case Study Gordon Biersch – New Challenges and Opportunities Case Study Session 12: Monday, 18 November 2013 Investment Decision Making Walnut Venture Associates (A): RBS Group Investment Memorandum Walnut Venture Associates (B): RBS Due Diligence – Customers Walnut Venture Associates (C): RBS Due Diligence – Market Size Walnut Venture Associates (D): RBS Deal Terms Thanksgiving Week break is 25 – 29 November 2013. No class on 25 November. Session 13: Monday, 2 December 2013 Documentary (movie): â€Å"Start-Up.com† Session 14: Monday, 9 December 2013 Final Presentations COMMENTS ON CAP5802 – ENTREPRENEURSHIP IMPORTANT: YOUR HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTS ARE DUE IN HARD COPY IN CLASS ON THE SPECIFIED DUE DATE. LATE ASSIGNMENTS WILL BE MARKED DOWN—SEE GRADING POLICY BELOW. Your workload in this course will be ‘above average.’ That we meet only one time per week for three hours implies that you will have a week’s worth of homework to do in between class meetings – unlike the homework load that you would receive in a course that meets multiple times per week. Specifically, †¢ I expect you to attend all of our classes. †¢ I expect you to arrive on time and remain in class until we are finished with the session. †¢ I expect you to arrive with your material fully prepared – this requirement is critical. †¢ I expect you to participate actively and effectively in class. †¢ I expect you to demand of yourself and your fellow class members complete fidelity to high personal ethical standards. †¢ I expect you to keep your cellular telephone out of our classroom – or with you, but powered off. †¢ I do not expect you to ever leave the classroom to accept or return a telephone call. †¢ I expect all team work and responsibilities to be evenly distributed among the team members. †¢ I expect all individual-specified exercises to be completed by you independently with no assistance received from anyone else. CAP5802 GRADES There is no final exam in CAP5802. Instead, we have the final presentations from each start-up concept. Four factors play into your grade computation in CAP5802: (1) your homework scores – watch those tricky computational problems, (2) your write-up of your interview with an entrepreneur, (3) your completed business plan – which should be sufficiently tantalizing to cause the general partners of Kleiner Perkins Caulfield (who successfully funded Genentech, Amazon, and Google, among others) to salivate, and (4) a stunning live presentation during our final class meeting – which should convince even the most risk averse grandmother to allocate a chunk of her retirement stash to fund your promising venture. (1) CLASS PARTICIPATION We have 23 articles/case studies that we use to supply some of the vital content to this course. I expect you to give every one of them a thorough read and analysis. I encourage you to discuss them with your team members. I will call on you in class – whether or not you raise your hand – and ask you to answer questions or to explain concepts/situations in the assigned readings. I will score your response on a three-point scale as follows: 3: brilliant 2: adequate 1: needs improvement (2) HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTS Your home work assignments are due in class in hard copy on the specified due date. I will penalize you for late homework assignments. That is how the real business world works. If you are going to be out of town, always complete and turn in your assignment EARLY. When you are LATE with your homework assignments, you lose points in the computation of your final grade. No appeals allowed. The point value for each homework question is noted in (*) next to the question. You will find all of the homework assignments on the course site. (3) INTERVIEW WITH ENTREPRENEUR Each team will find an authentic entrepreneur – someone who has started their own business/organization and currently is running the business or non-profit organization. The business/organization can be anything ranging from an ice cream truck to a non-profit social service organization that provides outplacement services to displaced investment bankers. I will provide you with the list of questions for the interview. You only need to find the willing entrepreneur (they generally love to talk about their businesses) and complete the interview – then write it up. (4) COMPLETED BUSINESS PLAN FOR YOUR VENTURE Each team will compose a comprehensive, professional-quality business plan for their business concept. There are two important milestones/due dates for the business plan assignment: (1) the brief plan outline due date, (2) the completed plan due date – the last class meeting. (5) CORPORATE OVERVIEW PRESENTATION OF YOUR VENTURE Your team will present your ‘corporate overview/launch plan’ during our final class meeting. You will be graded on the originality, content, and delivery of your concept. We expect to have a judging panel present – comprising demanding, unreasonable investor-types – to critique your concepts CAP5802 GRADE COMPUTATION There are five sources of points that are used in your final course grade computation: (1) Class participation points – as noted above. I will tally up your points, and normalize your grand total over 50 possible points. (2) Homework Assignment points – as noted with each HW assignment question. I will add up your total homework points, divide this total by the total possible homework points, and arrive at a final percentage score for your homework. (3) 50 points for your entrepreneur interview write-up (4) 100 possible points for your business plan, distributed as follows: Quality of idea = 10 pts Compelling market opportunity = 10 pts Organization of plan = 10 pts Clarity of plan = 10 pts Financial analysis = 10 pts Marketing plan = 10 pts Sales and distribution plan = 10 pts Competitive analysis = 10 pts Sales/revenue forecast = 10 pts Surviving CAP5802 = 10 pts (5) 100 possible points for you final presentation, distributed as follows: Originality and cleverness of the presentation = 20 pts Running within the allotted time = 20 pts Richness of content = 20 pts Presentation delivery = 40 pts Note that your presentation scores will be a compilation of our guest judges’ scoring. History indicates that the judges are rather severe scorers. I will assign final course grades based on your final total point tally: Total possible participation score (%): 50 points Total possible homework (%): 100 points Total possible interview with entrepreneur: 50 points Total possible written business plan: 100 points Total possible live presentation: 100 points A splendid time is guaranteed for all.

Comparing Romeo and Juliet and West Side Story :: comparison compare contrast essays

Romeo and Juliet versus West Side Story      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Romeo and Juliet, West Side Story, two timeless dramas that will live forever.   Although both of these stories have many similarities, there are also many differences.   These differences include the differences in sililoquy, the fact that Maria doesn't die, the fact that we never see Tony or Maria's parents, as well as the issues of marriage, the importance of gangs and families to each story.   To understand these differences, I have read and/or watched both Romeo and Juliet, and the similar tragedy, West Side Story.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Above, I named a few of the many differences between William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet and Ernest Leaman's screenplay, West Side Story. One main difference is that in Romeo and Juliet the sililoquy is spoken while in West Side Story there is sililoquy, but it is in song.   While both equally express the character's feelings at the moment, it is my feeling that West Side Story's musical style brings the viewer/listener further into the play and makes the play more effective.   An example of this is when, in Act II, Scene II, of Romeo and Juliet, otherwise known as the balcony scene, Romeo expresses his thoughts in a sililoquy until Juliet shows up.   While in Romeo and Juliet all of this is spoken, in West Side Story, this is written as music shared between Maria and Tony.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another major difference between these two stories is that in Romeo and Juliet, Juliet sees Romeo dead and decides to kill herself.   While, in West Side Story, Tony (the Romeo of the play) does die - shot by Chino- Maria is not so stricken and overshelmed that she decides to kill herself.   This is very important because in Romeo and Juliet, neither Romeo or Juliet is allowed to move on with their lives.   In West Side Story, however, I'm sure Maria, although not shown in the film, moves on and gets over Tony.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   My theory on why the above is true, is that Romeo and Juliet are kept apart by family ties or blood; Juliet a Capulet and Romeo a Montague.   Blood ties are what family is all about and tend to be very strong bonds.

Path †Goal Theory and the Jeanne Lewis Case Essay

In the Path-Goal Theory of leadership, the leader is effective when their behavior has an impact on motivation. Follower satisfaction and performance can be improved by offering rewards for goals, clarifying the path to goal achievement, and removing impediments to task execution. Path-Goal Theory is related to the Expectancy model, which concludes that people are motivated if they see their efforts contributing to a desired goal. The behavior of the follower and the leader are linked, so the correct application of the Path-Goal Theory includes recognizing the situation of the follower and adopting a corresponding leader behavior. Jeanne Lewis held several different roles during her employment at Staples, Inc. (Suesse, 2000). There are four leader behaviors in the Path-Goal model, each of which was used by Lewis at different times and in different situations. The following examples include a discussion of Lewis’ behavior, how her behavior relates to the Path-Goal model, employees response to Lewis’ behavior, and how the employees’ behavior relates to the Path-Goal Theory. Achievement Leadership In 1994 Lewis was promoted to New England Director of Operations, inheriting an organization lacking in strong leadership, but with knowledgeable employees. Lewis replaced some employees, set aggressive performance goals and challenged employees. These actions are indicative of the Achievement leadership style, wherein the leader is both demanding and supportive, sets challenging goals, seeks continuous improvement, expects high performance, and encourages workers to assume more responsibility (Woolard, 2009). Lewis’ employees responded with increased motivation; launching new training programs and setting high goals for themselves. This behavior is representative of the Path-Goal theory wherein followers adopt high goals leading to improved satisfaction and performance (Hersey, 2008, p. 00). The Achievement Leadership style is used when there is a lack of job challenge in the follower. Directive Leadership Lewis was then moved to Merchandising, another area in which she had no direct work experience. With no time for her reports to teach her the ins and outs of merchandising, Lewis adopted the style of a Directive Leader and told her staff to â€Å"fix it and fix it fast†. The Directive Leader tells what is expected, how and when to do it and communicates how the task fits in with other tasks in the organization. The response from her employees to this style was favorable. They expanded their thinking beyond just the cost of the product and the selling price, developing strategic thinking which resulted in a tripling of the direct product profitability. Lewis’ boss, Richard Gentry, remarked, â€Å"Jeanne demonstrated that you can be a good merchant but you can also be strategic and think outside of the four walls† (Suisse, 2000, p. 5). The impact to the follower of the Directive leadership style is clarification of the path to the goal. The employees expanded their thinking to encompass the broad steps in their path to expected unit performance. Supportive Leadership When Lewis was selected to replace the departing Executive Vice President of Marketing, Todd Krasnow, she once again had to adapt her leadership style in response to her team. Lewis was placed in charge of retail marketing and small business to learn the ropes during Krasnow’s final time at Staples. The department was comprised of two different groups: marketing and an in-house advertising agency. When she challenged a marketing program with the direct, â€Å"rough and tumble† style she was accustomed to using in her previous assignments in operations and merchandising, the person presenting the idea was devastated. Lewis would have to adopt a Supportive style or would â€Å"have people leaving my office in tears and end up accomplishing nothing†. Lewis made an effort to be approachable, with an open door policy. In this situation, where the follower lacks self confidence, a Supportive or Relationship behavior is needed. The Supportive Leader demonstrates concern for the well being of followers and is open and approachable. Employees responded favorably to her change in style. Supportive leader behavior has in it the objective to increase confidence in the follower, thereby increasing their productivity and performance. Participative Leadership When merger plans with Office Depot were blocked by the courts, the Staples management team refocused on growth and profitability of the Staples brand. In Lewis’ mind, the marketing department was the â€Å"brand champion and key support for other departments†. The department was divided, however, with a marketing and advertising side that did not operate in concert. Lewis remarked, â€Å"the thought I would go home with at night was, if they knew more, then they would do a better job. † Lewis began holding staff meetings in an attempt to share information and decision making and break down the wall between the departments. I was amazed that while we had this huge marketing budget that everyone shared, no one knew what the other people were doing† (Suesse, 2000, p. 8). A Participative Leader approaches the task in a consulting, group-wise manner. They share work problems and solicit suggestions in an effort to include the entire organization in the decision -making process. Lewis expanded meetings with direct reports in an attempt to increase group interaction and encouraged advertising managers to share their work across business unit boundaries. This style changes reward and clarifies the needs of the followers. In Lewis’ case she was able to get key stakeholders in differing departments to buy in to more strategic thinking. Jeanne Lewis was given ever increasing responsibility at Staples due to her ability to adapt her leadership style to match the changing needs of her subordinates. By following the Path-Goal Theory, Lewis was able to harness the power of her followers and achieve success for the organization.

Manufacturing System

A&A Toy Manufacturing Company Introduction Observed that the flow of information and logistics management between the client A&A Toy Manufacturing Company and its partners are not yet optimal, it is decided to recommend some information software to the client. As the company still adopting manual accounting system, it caused messy collection of financial and accounting data and human errors. The above problems would be burdens that affect managers’ decision making. In the hope of solving these problems an Accounting Information System (AIS) would be recommend to A&A Toy Manufacturing Company.The client has few employees, so it does not hold a well-structured system to management the employees. The following problems were observed: incomplete labor record, overlapped job duties and difficulties in calculating MPF. To improve human resource management of the client, a Human Resources Management System (HRIS) would be recommended. As the company is not using a well Logistic Infor mation System (LIS), the schedule of importing raw materials is messy; communication with customers is also poor. It is decided to recommend a Logistic Information System to tackle the problems stated above.The lack of Manufacturing Information System (MFIS) created difficulties like volume of inventory has not clearly stated and a scheduled operation is unable to run. A manufacturing information system can hopefully solve the difficulties. It is going to recommend Accounting Information System (AIS), Human Resources Management System (HRIS), Logistic Information System (LIS) and Manufacturing Information System (MFIS) for A&A Toy Manufacturing Company to improve their daily operation. Methods used to tackle the project Firstly, we drafted a project outline by brainstorming.Secondly, we discussed on the type of product that the manufacturing company produced. Thirdly, according to the nature of toy manufacturing company, we picked 4 information systems which benefit for the operatio n of the business. Based on the toy manufacturing company, we have to state what problems that a toy manufacturing company always faced. Lastly, we have to find the information on the selected 4 information systems that helps to tackle the above problems. In the process of doing the project, we faced a lot of difficulties. Then we sought help from our lecturer. So, the project can be finished on time.Our group found a lot of relevant information on the Internet, especially from wiki. Abundant of information are provided to be reference for our project. Logistic Information System (LIS) The logistics Information System is the system managing and controlling information handling processes optimally with respect to flow time and capacity, storage, distribution and presentation in such a way that it contributes to company results in concurrence with the costs of capturing like creation, searching and maintenance. The Logistics Information System is made up of the following information s ystems: * Sales Information System Purchasing Information System * Inventory Controlling * Shop Floor Information System * Plant Maintenance Information System * Quality Management Information System Function of Logistic Information System (LIS) * Correct information product at the accurate point of time * Correct format / quality * Create planning data * Provide an easy-to-use planning functions to support forecasting function * Plan, control, and monitor business events at different stages in the decision-making process * Flexible tools for collecting, aggregating and analyzing data from the operative applications Situation:A&A Toy Manufacturing Company has faced several problems nowadays. It has a poor management in logistic. First, the schedule of importing raw materials is messy. The company does not have a well-organized to manage the inventory stock. It is time-consuming and inefficient for the production line to spend large amount of time in making phone calls to confirm the arriving times of the raw materials. The arriving time is unclear and inaccurate. It is difficult for the company to have an accurate schedule to finish output in production stage under this situation.Secondly, the company does not have well-communicate with customers. They have not set up an accurate date and time to deliver finish goods to customers. It may have to delay or reschedule in the transaction. Therefore, customers always ask about this. It is ineffective and increases the cost to communicate with them. Overall, the logistic management of planning, organization and control of goods and material in A&A Toy Manufacturing Company are chaotic. Logistics information system is needed to solve problem that the company has. Application:Under the situation of the company, Logistics information system is important for achieving the efficiency and effectiveness. First, using information technology in Logistics information systems can well connect with consumers and suppliers. Time cost is decrease by communicate via Email or websites. The date and time for the raw material arrived and deliver product are more accurate than before. It reduces the redundancy of the transaction. Second, it reduces the requirements of inventory and human resources by enabling requirements planning.Logistics Data Warehouse is using for manage the inventory. It is clear and organizes for the company to update and group relevant data. Human resources reduce and bring effective to the company to make the decision. Third, delivery the finish goods to customers are effective by using logistics information system. The transportation of products improves because the company can plan the routes before they send the product to customers. The routes will be simplify and delivery conveniently. The transportation cost decrease.Fourth, it helps to enlarge scales of business through logistics information system. The manufacturing company is clearer idea about storage of raw materials and finis h goods, it is easily to order raw materials from suppliers or deliver finish goods to customers in a right time. They have a good management in inventory. It helps enlarge capacity of receiving order or storage. Software 1. Logistics Information Management System Features * Dispatch container * Invoicing * Driver and owner operator payments * By move or hourly * Driver profile * Trailer and Truck information Easy data search and retrieval: Invoices, containers, bookings, receipts, payments and vendors * Generate Reports: A/R / Invoicing / A/P / Truck / Trailer / Customer 2. Customs Intelligenceâ„ ¢ Features * Handles commercial and casual imports. * External document management * Client management and billing * Design your own reports Criteria| Logistics Information Management System (LIMS)| Customs Intelligenceâ„ ¢| Preference| User-friendly | Fair| Fair| Fair| Mobile Access| No| Yes| Customs Intelligenceâ„ ¢| Cost| CAD $1500| CAD $ 1699. 95| LIMS| Support after sales| Ye s| Yes| Fair|RFID| Yes| No| LIMS| By comparing the above criteria, Logistics Information Management System would be recommended. Firstly, both of the system is using graphical user interface (GUI), employees can easily pick up the new system. In case, encountered any problems both of the systems have supporting team to help the employees. The systems have a fair performance on the user-friendly aspect. Secondly, only Customs Intelligenceâ„ ¢ provided the mobile access function to keep check the inventories location, the predicted time of arriving. LIMS and only perform this function on computers.Thirdly, the RFID tags, only LIMS supported RFID tags to manage the inventory that in the warehouse. With RFID technology it can easily locate the location of the stocks in the warehouse and know the quantity of the stocks. It would be helpful to the business. To conclude, LIMS is cheaper and offered RFID technology, which is a useful tool. Although it does not preform mobile access funct ion, it is not a must to have it. Employees can also know the raw materials location and predicted arrival time from computers. It is enough to fix the messy of making phone calls all the time to know the rrival time. LIMS would be recommended as it can fix the company’s obstacles and have an RFID function which can further help the business to improve. Accounting Information System (FIS) Accounting Information System is a system of collection, storage and processing of financial and accounting data. An accounting Information system is a computer-based method. The resulting financial reports are useful for the internal management and external parties such as investor. It benefits the management to make decision. Functions of Financial Information System (FIS) Collects relevant financial and accounting data * Stores the financial and accounting data * Transfers the financial and accounting data into information, such as financial reports * Provides information to financial exe cutives * Provides timely financial information Situation After working with different functional units of A&A Toy Manufacturing Company for a while, I have observed that the company still adopting manual accounting system. This creates abundant of problems. Firstly, manual accounting system leads to the messy collection of financial and accounting data from different departments.With lots of missing data and the mistakes made by the accountants, it produces incomplete and inaccurate financial reports to the management. Secondly, manual accounting system leads to the wasting time in processing the data into information. After collection of data, the accountants have to record those transactions in to ledger by hand. It is really time consuming. Some of the final financial reports may be out of dated for decision making. Thirdly, the management make decision depends heavily on the financial reports produced by the accountants.As the incomplete and inaccurate provided to management, t he management will make a wrong decision. To conclude, manual accounting system produces incomplete, inaccurate and out of dated financial reports. The process of processing the financial and accounting data into information is messy and time consuming. Application Applying computerize accounting information system can help to improve the financial operation of the company. It brings several advantages to the company. Firstly, computerize accounting information system is automate and streamline reporting. The accountants just have to input the necessary data into the software.It will generate those requested accurate financial reports automatically by the accountants. Secondly, computerize accounting information system can generate financial reports automatically. So it is less time consuming. The accountants no need to record each transaction. The financial reports must be timely as the computerize system can generate reports in fast rate. Thirdly, computerize accounting informatio n system can generate timely, accurate, relevant, integrated financial. It can avoid human mistakes. Therefore, the management can make the correct decision for the business.Fourthly, computerize accounting information system can store the past data and reports. So the data and reports will be more organized and tidy. The probability of losing data will become low. To conclude, computerize accounting information system benefits the operation of business. It is less time consuming in generating timely, accurate, relevant, integrated financial reports in a short period. So, the financial and accounting data can be more organized and tidy. It monitors the cash flow closely in the company. Also, those qualified reports can truly reflect the profitability and liquidity of the company.The management can make the best decision. Software 1. Front Accounting Features: Advanced GST (VAT) handling * several GST (VAT) definitions with GST (VAT) groups * definition of GST (VAT) included * GST (V AT) can be selected on per customer, supplier or item level advanced GST (VAT) inquiry and report showing details and outputs/inputs. Full currency support * historical currency rates * Multi-currency bank accounts, customers and suppliers. 2. Intuit QuickBooks Features: * Allow multiple users to work off the same, up-to-date QuickBooks company file at the same time. Create professional-looking invoices and forms * Customize contact information fields in the Customer, Vendor, Employee Centers * Downloading transactions from financial institution Criteria| FrontAccounting| Intuit QuickBooks| Preference| User-friendly | Fair| Good| Intuit QuickBooks| Mobile Access| No| Online access(extra cost needed)| Intuit QuickBooks| Multiple user | No| Yes| Intuit QuickBooks| Cost| None| USD $199. 96| FrontAccounting| Updating| Yes| Yes| Fair| Support after sales| No| Yes (Extra Charges needed)| Intuit QuickBooks| By comparing the above criteria, Intuit QuickBooks would be recommended.Firstly, as A&A Toy Manufacturing Company is using manual accounting system, a user-friendly system is needed for employees start to pick up. Intuit QuickBooks is more user-friendly than FrontAccounting as it uses graphical user interface (GUI). Employees can get used to the new system soon. Moreover, if the employees encounter any problem, they can seek help from the Intuit hotline. While FrontAccounting just provided some common Q&A sections on the web, it is not specific even cannot help the employee. It would be a waste of human resource.Thirdly, as the managers or the owners may need to preform decision making outside the office, it would be better to have mobile accessing function for their convenience. Intuit QuickBooks provided this function while FrontAccounting does not. Although extra charges are needed for this function, managers could still have the right to consider use it or not. Fourthly, employees may need to access to the same document at one time, Intuit QuickBooks can suppo rt multiple users to work on the same time. It would be more convenient for the employee.Time would be wasted if the employees need to do the job one by one. Fifthly, both of the software have updating to introduce new functions of fix some bugs. They have fair performance on this criterion. Sixthly, FrontAccounting is free of charge, while Intuit QuickBooks cost almost USD$200, it is expensive to the A&A Toy Manufacturing Company. However good AIS could help the company a lot in saving cost and present accurate information for decision making purpose. As, the performance of Intuit QuickBooks is better than FrontAccounting and the cost is for permanent use, thus it is still worthy.To conclude, Intuit QuickBooks would be recommended to A&A Toy Manufacturing Company. Manufacturing Information System (MFIS) Manufacturing Information System is a computer-based system that works in conjunction with other functional information systems to support the firm’s management in solving pr oblems that relate to manufacturing the firm’s products. Manufacturing information provide services to support the manufacturing function, such as the inventory control and order processing for the company. The company may benefit by reducing the manufacturing costs, increasing products quality, and improving inventory decisions.Functions of Manufacturing Information System * Manages manufacturing resources * Enhances the availability of information * Collects and organizes manufacturing quality data in a straight-forward manner * Support inventory decision-making Situation After working with different functional units of A&A Toy Manufacturing Company, our team found that the company was operating with poor information and logistics management. Firstly, without a suitable manufacturing information system, the volume of inventory has not clearly stated during the daily operation.The staffs have to use extra time and manpower to check-up the inventory stock. In case, the staffs of production lines have to check that regularly, this may lower the efficiency since it wasted a lot of company’s resources. Secondly, the company cannot run a scheduled operation since the delivery of raw materials is not on-time. Moreover, the company does not have any concept on managing the manufacturing resources; as a result, the late delivery of raw materials may lead to poor shipment arrangement and customers-relation.Also, the above actions may delay the manufacturing processing, and lower the effectiveness. Application For the suitable manufacturing information system used by the A&A Toy Manufacturing Company, it may turns into conceptual and strategic tool for competitive advantage. Firstly, a manufacturing information system may help in organizing to resources’ data, such as the inventory stock. The system may help the company to keep track on the resources’ states and adjust the internal settings automatically. The usage of the report and control system of manufacturing information system is sophisticated.These kind of high-tech system can reduce the manpower wasted and duplicated use of resources; it may achieves maximum efficiency with minimum error. Secondly, the manufacturing information system includes managing the raw materials needed to be used. A good manufacturing information system can help in arranging the delivery of stocks and the processing tasks. Thus, the system may enhances the effectiveness in terms of ensure to do the processing tasks on-schedule and use the materials with high attainment. Software | Manufacturing Information System (Erp) Software|Company name| Softcore Infotech Private Limited| Features| * Auto Production Planning & Purchase Order prepared based on delivery date while considering available raw & finished stocks. * Production inspection * Final inspection of finished good| As A&A Toy Manufacturing Company doesn’t has a suitable manufacturing information system, the staffs have to us e extra time and manpower to check-up the inventory stock and lower the efficiency because of wasted a lot of company’s resources, we suggest the Manufacturing Information System (Erp) Software.Manufacturing Information System (Erp) Software offers auto Production Planning & Purchase Order prepared based on delivery date while considering available raw and finished stocks, it can help to reduce the manpower to check-up the inventory stocks. Besides, it also can help to enhance their shipment arrangement and customers-relation. Manufacturing Information System (Erp) Software also offers product and final goods inspection, to help A&A to control the quality of the raw and finished stocks. Human Resource Information System (HRIS)Human Resource Information System enables users to perform standard reporting from all Human Resource areas and process personal information, it provided information that helps decision makers define their own report quickly and efficiently. Functions of Human Resource Information System * Manage all employee information * Report and analysis of employee information * Developing online data bases of employee information * Benefits administration (enrollment, status changes, personal information updating) * Developing online searchable data bases of applicant resumes * Training record maintenance SituationA&A Toy Manufacturing Company with the small scale of operation and few of employees, all the information of labor only recorded by the application form individually so there is no complete labor record. This policy caused different management problems of the company: Firstly, without complete labor record, it is difficult for the company to specify labor’s strength and abilities. As a result, the supervisors cannot allocate the most suitable workers to carry out specific job duties. Secondly, as the company didn’t clearly give any instructions to labor that they have to do of their positions. So, their job duties may be overlapped.For instance, both salespersons and customer services need to answer lots of queries from their customers regarding the shipment arrangement, delivery status as well as warranty issues of their finished products. It will lower the efficiency of division of labor. Thirdly, with incomplete labor record, the company cannot recruit qualified candidates to satisfy the need of labor force in different departments. Fourthly, the calculation of Mandatory Provident Fund Schemes (MPF) of labor will be messy, the company cannot certainly calculate accumulate mandatory provident fund of each labor without complete labor record.Application of Human Resource Information System Firstly, Human Resource Information System helps the company to manage and record all employees’ information, Manager can clearly know all the information of labor including their strength, abilities and training record from the Human Resource Information System. Secondly, in order to give instructions to labor, they can have a clearer idea what to do of their positions; manager can offer different jobs according to their strength and abilities. Thus, it can avoid the problem of overlapping job duties. Thirdly, company can develop online database of employees’ information and nline searchable database of applicant resumes, so that the manager can review all the records easily. With online searchable database of applicant resumes, the company can easily search for the qualified candidates from received application form to satisfy the shortage of labor force in different departments. Fourthly, Human Resource Information System can be reconfigured to suit for different kinds of payroll, the system can record their payroll automatically with flexible payroll adjustment, the company can accurately calculate accumulate Mandatory Provident Fund of labor. Software Microsoft Office Access| BambooHR| Cost| * A one-time payment, $139. 99| * Monthly payment * Depends on the number of employees| User-friendly| * Involves graphical user interfaces(GUI)| * Involves tools (e. g. Power Edit)| Update frequency| * Constantly update| * Constantly update| Security| * Fair| * Fair| As a small-sized company, cost is one of the main concerns. To choose the proper system for the human resource information system, we prefer the Microsoft Office Access. Firstly, BambooHR costs monthly and the price is based on the number of labors.As a company with the small scale of operation, although A&A Toy Manufacturing Company only has a few of employees, monthly cost is a liability to them. MS Access only costs $139. 99 and for permanent use, it will reduce the burden of the company on the system. Secondly, MS Access and BambooHR are fair in the user-friendly section, but BambooHR involves some tools for the users to use easily, but they are only helpful in editing and filling the data in it after setting up the database. MS Access involves the graphical user interfaces (GUI), it can he lp the managers to set up the database of the employees easily.Besides, A&A is the company with the small scale of operation and few of employees, it may not have the senior programmers, MS Access offers many features for junior programmers, it is easy to use for A&A. Lastly, BambooHR and MS Access have fair performance on the update frequency and the security, two of these systems constantly update to meet customers’ needs and make the system more efficiency. Because of all the people are concerned about the security of the information systems, include the HRIS, two of these systems have a fair performance in security.For example, they use the firewall to protect the information in the database, and use some software to protect the information when they are in the backup process, such as SSL. To conclude, we suggest A&A Toy Manufacturing Company to use Microsoft Office Access as their human resource information system. Conclusion To conclude, we suggested four types of infor mation system for A&A Toy Manufacturing Company to use and help them to improve their existing state. We recommended Logistic Information System (LIS), Accounting Information System (AIS), Human Resource Information System (HRIS) and Manufacturing Information System(MFIS).Firstly, for Logistic Information System, we recommended A&A to use Logistics Information Management System (LIMS) to help to solve the exist problems such as reduces the requirements of inventory and human resources. LIMS supported RFID tags that can easily locate the location of the stocks in the warehouse and know the quantity of the stocks. Employees can also know the raw materials location and predicted arrival time from computers, it can help to decrease the human resource needed of the inventory management and making calls. Secondly, for Accounting Information System, we suggested Intuit QuickBooks.It uses graphical user interface (GUI) to help the employees to pick up the system easily. Besides, Intuit Quic kBooks can support multiple users to work on the same time, it would be more convenient for the employees to access to the same document at one time. Use computerize accounting information system instead of manual accounting system can reduce the probabilities of error and help the managers to make the best decisions to the company. Thirdly, for Human Resource Information System, we recommended Microsoft Office Access. Access only costs $139. 9 and for permanent use, it will reduce the burden of the company on the system. It also involves the graphical user interfaces (GUI), it can help the managers to set up the database of the employees easily. It can help the manager to manage the data of employees more convenient and efficiency. The managers can clearly know all the strength, abilities and training record of labor from the system and avoid the problem of overlapping job duties. Fourthly, for the manufacturing information system, we recommended Manufacturing Information System (E rp) Software. A&A can use this software to solve their problem.It offers auto Production Planning & Purchase Order prepared, it helps A&A to reduce the manpower to check-up the inventory stocks and enhance their shipment arrangement and enhance customers-relation. In addition, it also provides the product and final goods inspection, it can help the managers to control the quality of the raw and finished stocks. The above information systems with software can help to solve the difficulties. It helps to enhance the management in different departments to be optimal. Our team believes that those software can enhance the profitability in a foreseeable future.

Death is a fate Essays

Death is a fate Essays Death is a fate Essay Death is a fate Essay Death is a fate. You cant change or alter it. But the views of the two poets John Donne and James Shirley are completely opposite. James Shirley believes that death is the end and is finality. His works are similar to that of the poet Francis Beaumont. These two men conclude that death is the ultimate stage of mortality. Yet the writer John Donne believes that when he dies, he will be taken to a better place, which is heaven. This is called reincarnation. The poet Dylan Thomas agrees with Donne and both poets share a similar view. Their mode of thought is reflected throughout their poetry.The poet John Donne lived from 1573-1631. Maybe the views on death in his poetry resonated from he death of his wife while giving birth to his stillborn baby. The death of Anne Moore gave him the insight that there would be an extra eternal life in Elysium, heaven, to reward her. Even though being brought up as a Catholic he changed and converted to the Anglican faith in the year 1598. It was after his marriage that he decides to become and Anglican priest. This occurrence in his life happened in the year 1615. The morality and belief of his religion is the most likely explanation for his view on existence, death and posterity. Obsessed with the idea of death, Donne had a portrait painted of himself dressed in his burial shroud, a memento mori (reminder of death), which he had placed so he could see it as he lay on his deathbed.A poet whose viewpoint that death is not omnipotent is John Donne you can see this in his poem Death. The central theme of the poem is discussing death and its all-powerful qualities, or more likely death has no omnipotent attribute.The predominant emotion that the poem expresses is that of anger. Also the concept of sadness protrudes. This sadness is almost like sympathy. When he says,DEATH, be not proud, though some have called thee.There is an indication of audacity and courage in the way he speaks with loud out bursts, short sentences and the language he uses.John Donne is personifying death through out the whole poem. Donne is literally scolding death to his face. Death, be not proud.He is standing up to death. He knows through his religion and other aspects of belief that dying is not the end. Death is not as daunting as made out to be. He takes the viewpoint that he will be reincarnated in heaven after death.Mighty and dreadful, for thou art not so.When rebuking death Donne is saying that how little power death actually has. When he saysDie not, poor death; nor yet canst thouKill me.Donne here is saying that death, you cant kill me. The people you kill have not died. In other words Donne is saying that even if someone is victim to death his or her works and memories will still live on. Death is an instrument. There is no need to be fearful of it. Death only exists in our world because of the people and the evil and pernicious poisons and weapons they make.Thourt slave to fate, chance, kings and despe rate menAnd dost with poison, war and sickness dwell.Chance and fate play role in the killing of people, not just the desperate men and kings. It takes a king to call an execution and a desperate man to raise a knife. So Donne unlike the other poet James Shirley believes that death will come by chance and not necessarily when he chooses.Another difference is the belief in heaven and another, better eternal world. One short sleep past we wake eternally,And death shall be no more: Death, thou shalt die!When saying a short sleep past Donne means that he will sleep for a short period. This is a minute amount for the vast time in heaven. Death shall not exist in heaven; he shall die because no deaths can be taken. At the end like a judge condemning a prisoner he bravely and boldly he sentences death to die.The other poet with an opposite view of the corresponding topic is James Shirley an English dramatist and poet, born in London. He lived from 1596-1666. After attending the Merchant Ta ilors School and then Cambridge. He was brought up as an Anglican but he was then converted to Roman Catholicism and abandoned what might have been a career in the church for school teaching at St. Albans Grammar School. In 1624 however, he gave up his head-master position, and took up his residence at Grays Inn, London, although there is no evidence that he ever actually became a lawyer. You can see his ideas toward death in the poem Death the leveller.The main thesis of the poem is on death and the end of all consciousness. It gives a message that death is all-powerful. It doesnt matter who you are what rank or position you hold death; sooner or later death is going to claim you.The initial emotion the poem expresses, is that of desperation and hopelessness. It makes you feel weak and timid against deaths all-powerful features. This very unlike John Donne, who stands up to death and gives you a feeling of confidence. Death, be not proud.AndMighty and dreadful, for thou art not so. The choice of words and the things Donne says, give you confidence and the feeling that death is inferior to you. But then Shirley further states;There is no armour against fate.At the beginning he launches straight into this point. Shirley is saying that death is fate and you can not prevent it from happening.Death lay his icy hand on kings:Sceptre and CrownMust tumble down,And in the dust be equal madeWith the poor crooked scythe and spade.The end of this verse is basically saying that even if a king in all his might and splendour has to die, then let it be. All his riches the Sceptre, Crown and other prosperity will be diminished to the dust. He and his belongings are worth no more. They have been made equal to the poor crooked scythe and spade.Early or lateThey stoop to fate,And must give up there murmuring breath.So in other words your age and youth does not matter to death. If you are to die and rot, death will take you.In the poem he is making you understand that death will b e the mighty one who will decide your fate.Then boast no more your mighty deeds!Upon deaths purple altar now.There is no point flaunting before death. It is all to be forgotten. I think the reason of the purple altar was to signify deaths importance. Purple in the 15th century was expensive and rare making it the colour of royalty.Your heads must comeTo the cold tomb:Only the actions of the justSmell sweet and blossom in their dust.At the end the message is that who ever you are, you are finally going to die and must be buried in a tomb where your soul will not live on. People who have made impressions during their life for the good of men will at least be remembered for good, even while dead.When comparing these two poets there are definite and bold differences. John Donne the more religious of the two completing becoming a priest, shows a much more biblical and moral approach, whereas James Shirley takes his view of no after life and makes death seem a tyrant and an oppressor. Don nes biblical belief is recognised in his language and views. Shirley was introduced and brought up in two Christian faiths yet fails to show any sign of belief in death being a beginning of a new life.

How to Do College Research Right Step-by-Step Guide

How to Do College Research Right Step-by-Step Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips College research can be an overwhelming task, and it’s not easy to know where to begin. In this article, I’ll help you sort through your options and find your dream college. If you work through the following four steps, you'll be well on your way to compiling a list of schools that fulfill all your most important criteria: Identify your priorities Search withan online college finder Consider your chances of admission Finalize yourlist In the next few sections, we'll cover how to research colleges in a straightforward and effective way. Step 1: Identify Your Priorities and Preferences The first step in tackling the college search process involves thinking about what you want out of your college experience.There are some essential qualities that differentiate colleges from one another that you should consider first, such as location, size, cost, and academic programs.You should also contemplate what you want out of the social scene and academic climate at your college. Then, you can search for schools that fit your needs across a variety of different dimensions. Primary Factors Here's a list of the first four factors you should consider when searching for colleges: #1: Location Do you want to be far awayor close to home? Attendingan in-state school can mean a lower tuition price, but it may stunt your college experience if you continue to rely on your family and old friends.You should also consider whether you’re interested in a rural, urban, or small town college environment. The surrounding area can have a big impact on your happiness and comfort level. #2: Size Large and small colleges often have very different vibes.You’re more likely to get personalized attention at small colleges, but they might have fewer resources and less diversity amongst students.You should research each college individually, but there are certain characteristics shared by most large or small colleges that might lead you to prefer one type over the other. #3: Academics You’re going to college primarily to learn stuff, so academics should be up there on your priority list. Just how serious of an academic environment are you looking for?Do you want a school that focuses on undergraduate teaching orresearch?What types of programs interest you?If you have any ideas about your potential major, keep that in mind as you search for schools so you can apply to places that offer the best programs for you. Selectivity and reputation also come into play here. Based on your test scores and GPA, you can predict your admissions chances at different schools (more about this later). It's advantageous for you to attend the most competitive school possible based on your stats.This will provide you with the greatest number of opportunities both in college and in your post-graduate endeavors. #4: Cost Tuition prices are something you should think about in your college search, but don’t let a high price prevent you from applying if you really love a school.Right now, you should just work on determining whether cost is an issue for you. If so, focus your search on schools that offer generous financial aidandmerit scholarships. You can also investigate colleges with no application fees. College represents a crossroads in many ways. Secondary Factors This list goes into some other factors to think about in your college search that are less fundamental but can still have a really strong influence on your experience. #1: Social Scene This is a vague term, but you should have some idea of what type of social environment you’re looking for in college.Do you want to be at a party school? Or are you more of a library-all-day-every-day type? Are you at all interested in Greek life? Do you want to be able to go out to bars and clubs? Make sure the environment at the school you choose will be a fun place for you to spend four years. #2: Housing Is it important to you to have a really nice dorm? Do you want to be able to live off campus at some point?Schoolsmayoffer more or less variety in housing, so this is definitely worth considering. Universities located in rural areas may have fewer options for living off campus. #3: Dining Are you looking for a school with lots of dining options? This is important to consider especially if you have special dietary preferences or requirements. Whateveraccommodations you need, make sure the schools you choose have the ability to provide them. #4: Extracurriculars Think of any extracurricular activities you want to pursue in college.If these are priorities for you, you should ensure that any schools that you’re considering have the appropriate resources.Extracurriculars are a huge part of the college experience for most students, and they provide a great social outlet outside of the party scene and classes. #5: Athletics If you're hoping to play a sport in college for fun, you should make sure that anywhere you apply will give you that opportunity.Are you planning to work out in college? If this is a priority for you, look for schools that have high-quality athletic facilities and give students full gym access.Many schools offer exercise classes for students at their gyms, which is a really nice perk. Spinning is a great workout. Just make sure you never talk about it outside of class, or you will instantly become basic. Seriously, if you react with an acid you'll produce a salt. Sorry I took this way too far. As you consider these factors,you can continue to customizethe priority order to fit your needs. Some of the factors I listed as "secondary" might actually be of primary concern to you.If you feel that something is a priority, don’t discount it just because other things are â€Å"supposed† to be more important. You may even be totally indifferent to some of the factors I've listed (for example, "athletics" are a foreign concept to us hardcore nerds). That's fine too! You can choose to ignore these factors in the next step. Now that you’re armed with your preferences and priorities, it’s time to start your college search for realz. Step 2: Search for Schools Using an Online College Finder After you’ve figured out your preferences, the easiest way to find schools that you like is to use an online college finder tool to search based on your criteria. One option that you might consider initially is College Navigator.You can specify location, size, major program, public or private, tuition, test scores, and more in your search.This tool will give you all the statistics on different schools and help you locate options that seem like the right fit.As you investigate the results of your search, add schools to your â€Å"favorites† and compare them side by side to see how they differ.This might eliminate some options based on factors like cost and admissions rate. A screenshot of the College Navigator search tool Another site to investigate is Cappex. Cappex isa college matchmaking site where you can fill out a profile and get matched up with schools that align with your preferences. The site provides suggestions for schools that you might like after you complete your profile.It has a pretty complete overview of each school including student reviews and information about campus life that might not be included in the College Navigator statistics. If you find schools that you like, you can add them to your running list and compare them against each other. Cappexalso links directly to the application pages for schools on your list of favorites, so you can check out what materials you’re expected to submit. The "fit meter" that you'll see on every school's page on Cappex. It shows you how well you match up based on your preferences. There are also a number of other sites you can use at this stage.The link at the beginning of this section will take you to my reviews of the ten best college search websites.Feel free to use whichever one seems most accessible to you! Step 3: Consider Admissions Chances and Reputation Once you’ve figured out what you want from a college and have gotten some solid suggestions from search sites, you should step back and take an objective look at your results.It’s important to maintain realistic expectations in the college application process, so you shouldchoose schools where you have reasonable chances of admission. Though the sites I mentioned above may give you statistics for a school's average test scores and GPA, it’s difficult to understand your chances of admission just by looking at statistics.I would recommend that you Google â€Å"(name of school) PrepScholar admissions requirements† to access our database pages about each school. Use the tools on these pages to enter in your GPA and SAT scores and calculate your chances of admission. In general, if your chances are below 30 percent the school qualifies as a reach school.A school with an admissions rate that’s below 15 percent is a reach school for all students regardless of scores and GPA.If all or most of the schools you’re interested in are reach schools, it's time to adjust some of your criteria to allow for other options. Only a third of the colleges where you apply should be reaches. This is also a good time to check ranking lists like US News and Forbes to see whether the colleges that interest you have decent reputations. However,be careful when considering these rankings! If two schools are within ten or so ranks of each other, there probably isn’t much of a difference in quality between them. Rankings are a tool to be used afteryou’ve already picked out schools based on other factors.If you’re trying to decide between two schools and the lower ranked school is a much better fit for you, then you should still apply to that one.Rankings are more of a tie-breaker to be used when all other measurements are equal.Prestige can be important because it generally means a more intellectual student community and greater academic opportunities, but you should put your personal goals and priorities above the prestige of the school. After consulting these resources, you'll end up with a better sense of the quality of your preliminary list of schools.This leads to the next step, making your final college list! Williams College: The #1 National Liberal Arts College (according to U.S. News) Step 4: Make a Final List Now that you’ve gathered all of this information, it’s time to tweak your list of schools so that it has a nice balance of different options. As I mentioned in the previous section, it’s important to have reach schools, but they should only make up about a third of your list.Another third of the schools should be likely options, and the last third should be safety schools. You can use the same process as above to look up potential likely and safety schools and check your admissions chances.Safety schools are schools where you have at least an 80 percent chance of admission.Likely schools are schools where you have a 30 to 80 percent chance of admission.These can be further divided into â€Å"possible† and â€Å"probable† options.Possible options will be in the 30-50 percent range, and probable options are between 50 and 80%. Most students end up applying to around 5-8 colleges in total.Start out with three schools in the reach category, three in the likely category (two probable and one possible), and three in the safety category.Then, if you find that you’re overwhelmed by the application fees or the supplementary essays, you can always cut out 2-3 schools.Be honest about whether you can realistically see yourself attending all of the schools on your list. You should also do some research to check whether the schools on your list use the Common Application or if they require you to fill out separate applications.This can have a big impact on the time you spend on the process.You might decide to eliminate a school from your list if you’re not super attached to it and it’s the only option that requires an individual application. Once you’ve balanced your list, begin brainstorming your application essays and deciding which accomplishments and activities you want to highlight for colleges.Read this article about how to create a versatile application for some more tips! This is what your college list will look like after you get back those acceptance letters! What's Next? Now that you know how to do research colleges, you should also be able to put it into practice. Learn more about the application deadlines that will be most critical for you. College ranking lists can be helpful tools if you use them in the right way. Find out about all the college ranking lists you should read and how much you should rely on them. Looking to attend a top-notch liberal arts school? Here's a list of the 28 best liberal arts colleges in the country. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Sustainable Management Futures Specimen Examination Essay

Sustainable Management Futures Specimen Examination - Essay Example The virtue theory explains about the morals behaviors which should be followed in the society. It argues that child labor is no longer good because in the developing world, they employ the child with less than 18 years hence they violate the laws. Children rights should be honored in every developing country though may not follow the law of the government and that is the reason why child labor is increasing instead of reducing. According to this theory, 2002, the cocoa boycott came in to practice the children placed in the plantation inform of labor. Mean while, the plantation was banned and then child labor stopped immediately. According to all the theories, there should be an effective and efficient strategy set-aside to protect the child labor from exploitation because no child who is allowed to work. b) Rawls Theory of Justice In this article, a value comes from the people in the society, and â€Å"therefore† justice is termed as a provision for entire basis in every indiv idual. Some of the circumstances may force a human being to face some of the conditions with out the moral justice and judgment demands. Rawls arguments are based on the side of the system of justice where the idea of an individual is based on the area of his or her fate. Therefore, human beings deserve the ways of achieving their doings hence the provision of human rights should be maintained in the society. This is because of the commencing time which will really determine one fate. c) Ideological Ethics According the philosophers, they defined ideological ethics as a right for all human beings to make decisions and follow the moral values that pertains them. This theory states that child labour at this level is illegal because it affects the ability and also physical development of the child especially when the child is used as prostitution or drug trafficking in the society. This action firstly violates the law naturally because these children are supposed to be in learning inst itution. d) Teleological Ethics The philosophers try to have a concern on what happens after the moral dimension in an individual. This is compared to the consequences after the good doings of the ethical values in the society. This theory determines what comes after the moral values in the society done by individuals. The code of morality in the society is advocated inform of a natural duty performed by all man made creature in the society. According to this theory, children are not supposed to work under any condition because it is termed as an illegal to the law and a way of violating the laws in the government. The aim of the Teleological ethics is to promote the nature in relation to individual actions to be good at the end of the outcome (Baker 2012). a) Definition of Sustainable Development The sustainable development is the development that helps in achieving the needs of the present time without the relating to the ability of the future generation in meeting their own needs . These needs are termed to be the poor conditions in the world. The main aim of the sustainable development is to solve the problem in the environment and come up with the solutions of meeting the future needs. According to the common future in the environment, the